Common eye infections

Watson, Stephanie; Cabrera‐Aguas, Maria; Khoo, Pauline

doi:10.18773/austprescr.2018.016

Cited by 88 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Due to the use of Bacteria-specific primers we could not detect any fungal or viral species on the spectacles investigated here. However, this would be of additional interest, as there are several fungal and viral taxa known to be involved in severe eye infections [33][34][35] , such as Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, Herpes simplex and Varizella zoster.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

Fritz

März

Weis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Regularly touched surfaces are usually contaminated with microorganisms and might be considered as fomites. The same applies for spectacles, but only little is known about their microbial colonization. Previous cultivation-based analyses from our group revealed a bacterial load strongly dominated by staphylococci. To better account for aerotolerant anaerobes, slow growing and yet-uncultivated bacteria, we performed an optimized 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach targeting the V1-V3 region. 30 spectacles were swab-sampled at three sites, each (nosepads, glasses and earclips). We detected 5232 OTUs affiliated with 19 bacterial phyla and 665 genera. Actinobacteria (64%), Proteobacteria (22%), Firmicutes (7%) and Bacteroidetes (5%) were relatively most abundant. At genus level, 13 genera accounted for 84% of the total sequences of all spectacles, having a prevalence of more than 1% relative abundance. Propionibacterium (57%), Corynebacterium (5%), Staphylococcus (4%), Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas and Lawsonella (3%, each) were the dominant genera. Interestingly, bacterial diversity on the glasses was significantly higher compared to nosepads and earclips. Our study represents the first cultivation-independent study of the bacteriota of worn spectacles. Dominated by bacteria of mostly human skin and epithelia origin and clearly including potential pathogens, spectacles may play a role as fomites, especially in clinical environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

Fritz

März

Weis

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Another effect of corneal foreign bodies is corneal infection (keratitis), which is an emergency that must be treated immediately because it is the biggest cause of disruption in working-age adults and can end in blindness [9]. Foreign objects can cause secondary infections in the eyes ranging mildly from the presence of keratitis until the onset of endophthalmitis [4].…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Corneal Foreign Body on Eye Infection

Meida¹,

Setyawati²

2019

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2019 – Health Science and Nursing (IcoSIHSN 2019)

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Background: A corneal foreign body is one of the main causes of blindness. The effects can range from mild infections (corneal abration, keratitis) to severe damage (endophthalmitis) depending on the type of material. Late-stage complications can cause permanent blindness. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of types of corneal foreign body material on the severity of eye infection. Methods: This study was a non-experimental research with analytic observational and crosssectional methods. Subjects were 30 patients. The samples were male and female patients (10-70 years old) who came to the eye clinic with a history of exposure to corneal foreign bodies of less than 8 days. The study was conducted by interviews and visual examination on the anterior segments of the eyes. The analysis used Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Simple Linear Regression and Spearman tests). Results: There were several types of foreign body material that affected the cornea; gram iron (53.3%), plant branches (16.7%), animal wings (13.3%), sand (13.3%) and food (3,4 %). Most of these types of material caused corneal erosion (66.7%) and keratitis infections (33.3%). The incidence of corneal ulcers, endophthalmitis and panophthalmitis was not present in this study. Conclusion: There were no significant differences between the types of corneal foreign body material and the severity of eye infections.

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“…Hence desired drug concentrations is mostly not achieved mainly into the posterior part of the eyes (Balasingam et al, 2017). Eye infection, such as conjunctivitis, infectious keratitis, and Infectious endophthalmitis, is the most common problem (Watson et al, 2018). Azithromycin (Azt) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic which is effective against Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, CDC coryneform group G, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus mitis group and Hemophilus in luenza.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro spect in vivo bio-distribution study of azithromycin ophthalmic in situ gel

Wani¹,

Jagdale²,

Bhujbal³

et al. 2020

ijrps

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Azithromycin (AZT) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and is found in ocular tissues when administered systemically. AZT inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis and hence has effective bactericidal capability against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are the primary causative organisms for bacterial infection. In situ ophthalmic gels are systems which undergo a sol-to-gel transformation when instilled in eyes. In situ gels overcome the shortcoming of ophthalmic drops as they get washed out and diluted due to tear fluid. The aim and objective of present study was to formulate in situ ophthalmic gelling systems of Azt and determine in vivo ocular residence time in rat eyes of Tc99 labelled Azt by Micro SPECT. The in situ gel was formulated using Poloxamer 407, which is a temperature-induced gelling agent and HPMC K4M, which is known to increases mucosal adhesivity and enhance viscosity to facilitate sustained release of drug. The formulations developed were evaluated for pH, clarity, viscosity, gelling capacity and % drug release. The selected formulation was subjected to isotonicity and In Vivo Bio-distribution studies. Experimental studies on compatibility showed no interaction between polymers and AZT. AZT was found soluble in PB6.8. All formulations were found clear immediately after preparation and after sterilization & pH after gelation was satisfactorily in the range of 6 to 7. Viscosity and Gelation capacity of in situ gel increased with increase in polymer concentration. Formulations F2 showed desired results w.r.t viscosity, gelation capacity, drug release. In Vivo Biodistribution studies of Tc99 labelled AZT by Micro SPECT showed there was a significant increase in ocular residence time of in situ gel when compared with Tc99 labelled marketed solutions.

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Common eye infections

Abstract: SUMMARYNot all red eyes are due to infections. Not all eye infections respond to antibiotic eye drops.Conjunctivitis is the most common eye infection. Most cases are viral and do not require antibiotic eye drops.

Cited by 88 publications

References 27 publications

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

Site-specific molecular analysis of the bacteriota on worn spectacles

The Influence of Corneal Foreign Body on Eye Infection

Micro spect in vivo bio-distribution study of azithromycin ophthalmic in situ gel

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