Although the spread of plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a public health concern, food contamination with plasmid-mediated antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli has not been well investigated in Vietnam. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of colistinresistant, carbapenem-resistant and endemic bla CTX−M in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates. Colistin-and carbapenemresistant ESBL-producing E. coli were isolated from chickens in Vietnam and Japan. The results showed that 52% and 93% of Vietnamese chicken was isolated with colistin-resistant and AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli, respectively, while 52.7% of Japanese chickens were isolated with AmpC/ESBLproducing E. coli. Carbapenem-resistant E. coli has not been isolated in Vietnam or Japan. Genotyping revealed that colistin-resistant E. coli harboured mcr-1, and most of the AmpC/ESBL-related genes were bla CTX−M−55 and bla CTX−M−65 together with bla TEM in Vietnamese chickens, and bla CMY−2 in Japanese chickens. Multidrug resistance analysis showed that ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were more resistant to quinolones, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol compared with colistin-resistant E. coli isolates from Vietnam, suggesting selection in ESBL-producing E. coli for multiple antibiotic resistance genes. In conclusion, colistin-resistant E. coli was detected in about half of the chicken meat samples, the majority of which were found to harbour mcr-1. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli has remained constant across the last ve years, and the predominant bla CTX−M for ESBL-producing E. coli was found to be bla CTX−M−55 or bla CTX−M−65 , with the coexistence of bla TEM in Vietnam. Our results can be implemented in monitoring systems to combat the development of antimicrobial resistance.