“…These errors may lead to lower quality radiographs, and image-retaking procedures, particularly among undergraduate dental students who have less radiographic experience, which may cause increased treatment time and the risk of radiation exposure. The radiographers’ performances have been reported to affect the intraoral radiograph quality or cause some technical errors [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. However, data on the relationships between the horizontal tube-shift technique and the technical errors are scarce.…”