Common response of dominant plants in typical grassland of Inner Mongolia to long‐term overgrazing revealed by transcriptome analysis

Abstract

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn. are dominant species in grassland on the typical steppe of Inner Mongolia. Long‐term overgrazing, which is considered to represent multiple stresses, reduces the growth of L. chinensis and S. grandis. To gain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of these plants to overgrazing, we explored the gene expression profiles of L. chinensis and S. grandis to discover the common features of these dominant plants in response to overgrazing. Using the Illumina RNA‐Seq platform, two sequencing libraries prepared from non‐grazed (Lc‐NG) and overgrazed samples (Lc‐OG) of L. chinensis were sequenced. Using Trinity software assembly, 129,087 unigenes with a mean length of 693 bp and an N50 of 1,093 bp were obtained by combining the Lc‐NG and Lc‐OG data. By comparing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of L. chinensis with those of S. grandis, we identified 16 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways and 15 Gene Ontology terms that were significantly enriched with DEGs in both species. Most of these DEG‐enriched pathways, for example, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis, were related to stress responses. The results suggest that stress plays an important role in plants’ responsiveness to long‐term overgrazing and associated reductions in plant growth. The DEGs shared by these two species will be valuable for further research on key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in plants’ adaptation to overgrazing and associated stresses.

Transcriptome and Metabonomics Combined Analysis Revealed the Defense Mechanism Involved in Hydrogen-Rich Water-Regulated Cold Stress Response of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum

“…In our study, HRW response to cold stress was also mainly related to the enrichment of biosynthetic pathways mentioned above and regulation of related gene families, including PAL, CHS, COMT, AtBG1, and IF7MAT. Under long-term overgrazing and cold stress, PAL expression of Leymus chinensis ( Wan et al, 2021 ) and T. hemsleyanum ( Peng et al, 2019 ) was significantly upregulated. In our study, cold stress also significantly upregulated the expression of PAL.…”

“…( Singh and Kumaria, 2020 ). For example, CHS expression was significantly upregulated in both Leymus chinensis and maize, under long-term overgrazing ( Wan et al, 2021 ) and cold stress conditions ( Páldi et al, 2014 ). In the present study, T. hemsleyanum also showed upregulation of CHS expression under cold stress.…”

Untargeted Metabolome Analyses Revealed Potential Metabolic Mechanisms of Leymus chinensis in Response to Simulated Animal Feeding

“…Transcriptomic analysis of cloned L. chinensis showed that grazing had a transgenerational effect on its growth inhibition and led to the development of a dwarf phenotype in response to the severe degradation of the grassland habitat due to heavy grazing [ 23 ]. In addition, transcriptomic analysis of overgrazed L. chinensis showed that most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways [ 24 ]. Therefore, through the analysis of omics, we can find relevant DEGs, differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), and other information, enabling the identification of key metabolic pathways, pinpointing the crucial metabolic response mechanisms and identification of the causal genes.…”