Common risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among older adults in China, Ghana, Mexico, India, Russia and South Africa: the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1

Wu, Fan; Guo, Yanfei; Chatterji, Somnath; Zheng, Yang; Naidoo, Nirmala; Jiang, Yong; Biritwum, Richard B.; Yawson, Alfred Edwin; Minicuci, Nadia; Salinas‐Rodríguez, Aarón; Manrique‐Espinoza, Betty; Maximova, Tamara; Peltzer, Karl; Phaswana‐Mafuya, Nancy; Snodgrass, J. Josh; Thiele, Elizabeth A.; Ng, Nawi; Kowal, Paul

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1407-0

Cited by 145 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Being sedentary was found to impact the quality of life, which is consistent with other studies: for example, in older individuals, even light-intensity physical activity is related to higher self-rated physical health and psychosocial well-being [42]. Notably, the prevalence of a low level of physical activity in the South Africa data was higher than in any other SAGE country (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation) [43]. Although age and diabetes conspire to decrease fitness and strength, physical activity interventions improve functional status in older adults with and without diabetes [44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Diabetes in South African older adults: prevalence and impact on quality of life and functional disability – as assessed using SAGE Wave 1 data

Werfalli

Kassanjee

Kalula

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease with severe late complications. It is known to impact the quality of life and cause disability, which may affect an individual’s capacity to manage and maintain longer-term health and well-being. Objectives: To examine the prevalence of self-report diabetes, and association between diabetes and each of health-related quality of life and disability amongst South Africa’s older adults. To study both the direct relationship between diabetes and these two measures, as well as moderation effects, i.e. whether associations between other factors and these measures of well-being differed between individuals with diabetes and those without. Methods: Secondary analyses of data on participants aged 50 years and older from the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) in South Africa Wave 1 (2007–2008) were conducted. Prevalence of self-reported diabetes was assessed. Multivariable regressions describe the relationships between each of quality of life (WHOQoL) and disability (WHODAS), and diabetes, while controlling for selected socio-demographic characteristics, health risk behaviours and co-morbid conditions. In the regression models, we also investigated whether diabetes moderates the relationships between these additional factors and WHOQoL/WHODAS. Results: Self-reported diabetes prevalence was 9.2% (95% CI: 7.8,10.9) and increased with age. Having diabetes was associated with poorer WHOQoL scores (additive effect: −4.2; 95% CI: −9.2,0.9; p-value <0.001) and greater disability (multiplicative effect: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5,2.9; p-value <0.001). Lower quality of life and greater disability were both related to not being in a relationship, lower education, less wealth, lower physical activity and a larger number of chronic conditions. Conclusions: Diabetes is associated with lower quality of life and greater disability amongst older South Africans. Attention needs to be given to enhancing the capacity of health systems to meet the changing needs of ageing populations with diabetes in SA as well as facilitating social support networks in communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Diabetes in South African older adults: prevalence and impact on quality of life and functional disability – as assessed using SAGE Wave 1 data

Werfalli

Kassanjee

Kalula

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…13 Another study found a higher risk for hypertension among people with higher income and residence in urban areas. 14 These findings are in contrast to multiple studies from the United States providing evidence that women of higher SES are less likely to be obese or develop diabetes, likely because of better access to health care and healthy dietary patterns, whereas lower SES women were more likely to be obese, diabetic, and hypertensive. 15–19 This contrasting pattern of association between SES and health may be due to the relatively recent economic transition in countries like Ghana, because studies of other developing countries have revealed a pattern of an initial increase in overnutrition and sedentary lifestyles as a result of urbanization, preceding a later shift to increased recreational physical activity and healthy dietary patterns as the negative health consequences become apparent.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Socioeconomic Disparities in the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Ghanaian Women

Boakye

Mensah

Sakhuja

et al. 2017

Annals of Global Health

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BACKGROUND Recent trends toward urbanization in developing countries like Ghana, coupled with nutritional transition and aging populations, have led to a rapid increase in noncommunicable diseases like obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic risk factors among women in Ghana. METHODS Data for this analysis were obtained from Wave 1 of the Ghana Study of Global Aging and Health, conducted in 2007, and included women 18 years and older. Survey weighted descriptive and multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between socioeconomic status and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS Among a total of 1988 women, 48% were 40–64 years old. Almost half of the participants were overweight or obese (47%) and 21% had current hypertension, whereas only 4.3% and 2% of women self-reported a history of hypertension and diabetes, respectively. Adjusted analysis indicated that women with a high school education had 2-fold increased odds of being overweight or obese compared with those with no formal education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–3.42). Women employed in the public sector had almost a 5 times higher odds of being overweight or obese (OR: 4.94, 95% CI: 1.42–17.15), whereas those employed in the private sector or self-employed had reduced odds of diabetes (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10–0.70) and hypertension (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.21–0.86). CONCLUSION The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors varies by socioeconomic status among Ghanaian women. Targeted intervention programs to reduce overweight and obesity may begin among Ghanaian women employed in the public sector, and improved access to health care will be critical for timely diagnosis and management of other chronic disease risk factors.

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“…Out of this number, 41 met the inclusion criteria for addition to the review. Two (2) additional studies were retrieved through reference screening of selected papers bringing the total number of studies included in the review to 43 [44–86]. These 43 studies (Table 1) involved a sample population of 48,966 with individual study sample size ranging from 59 to 9215.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 43 studies (Table 1) involved a sample population of 48,966 with individual study sample size ranging from 59 to 9215. The studies were conducted across all the 10 regions of Ghana and included 4 nationally-sampled studies [60, 70, 76, 86]. Regional-based studies were distributed as follows; Ashanti (n = 11), Greater Accra (n = 15), Northern (n = 7), Volta (n = 1), Upper East (n = 1), Central (n = 3) and one inter-regional study (Greater Accra and Upper West).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and obesity epidemic in Ghana—a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn many low and middle income countries (LMICs), the distribution of adulthood nutritional imbalance is shifting from a predominance of undernutrition to overnutrition. This complex problem poses a huge challenge to governments, non-state actors, and individuals desirous of addressing the problem of malnutrition in LMICs. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature towards providing an estimate of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult Ghanaians.MethodsThis study followed the recommendations outlined in the PRISMA statement. Searches were performed in PubMed, Science Direct, google scholar, Africa Journals Online (AJOL) and the WHO African Index Medicus database. This retrieved studies (published up to 31st March 2016) that reported overweight and obesity prevalence among Ghanaians. All online searches were supplemented by reference screening of retrieved papers to identify additional studies.ResultsForty-three (43) studies involving a total population of 48,966 sampled across all the ten (10) regions of Ghana were selected for the review. Our analysis indicates that nearly 43% of Ghanaian adults are either overweight or obese. The national prevalence of overweight and obesity were estimated as 25.4% (95% CI 22.2–28.7%) and 17.1% (95% CI = 14.7–19.5%), respectively. Higher prevalence of overweight (27.2% vs 16.7%) and obesity (20.6% vs 8.0%) were estimated for urban than rural dwellers. Prevalence of overweight (27.8% vs 21.8%) and obesity (21.9% vs 6.0%) were also significantly higher in women than men. About 45.6% of adult diabetes patients in Ghana are either overweight or obese. At the regional level, about 43.4%, 36.9%, 32.4% and 55.2% of residents in Ashanti, Central, Northern and Greater Accra region, respectively are overweight or obese. These patterns generally mimic the levels of urbanization. Per studies’ publication years, consistent increases in overweight and obesity prevalence were observed in Ghana in the period 1998–2016.ConclusionsThere is a high and rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among Ghanaian adults. The possible implications on current and future population health, burden of chronic diseases, health care spending and broader economy could be enormous for a country still battling many infectious and parasitic diseases. Public health preventive measures that are appropriate for the Ghanaian context, culturally sensitive, cost-effective and sustainable are urgently needed to tackle this epidemic.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3901-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Common risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases among older adults in China, Ghana, Mexico, India, Russia and South Africa: the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1

Cited by 145 publications

References 36 publications

Diabetes in South African older adults: prevalence and impact on quality of life and functional disability – as assessed using SAGE Wave 1 data

Diabetes in South African older adults: prevalence and impact on quality of life and functional disability – as assessed using SAGE Wave 1 data

Socioeconomic Disparities in the Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Ghanaian Women

Overweight and obesity epidemic in Ghana—a systematic review and meta-analysis

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