Commonly invasive serotypes of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>trigger a reduced innate immune response compared with serotypes rarely responsible for invasive infection

Burgess, Thomas S.T.; Hirschfeld, Aaron F.; Tyrrell, Gregory J.; Bettinger, Julie A.; Turvey, Stuart E.

doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00382.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results indicate that invasive serotypes were associated with weight and length deficits at age 6 mo. It is possible that the observed association between invasive serotypes and growth may be related to the presence of virulence factors or that they trigger reduced innate responses, which could lead to state of subclinical chronic inflammation (37,38). Our findings suggest that current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines could play a role in mitigating the effects of Spn carriage on growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Pneumococcal Carriage at Age 2 Months Is Associated with Growth Deficits at Age 6 Months among Infants in South India

Coles

Rahmathullah²,

Kanungo

et al. 2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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Nasopharyngeal colonization is the first step in the pathway to Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) infection, a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effect of Spn colonization at ages 2 and 4 mo on growth at age 6 mo among 389 infants living in rural South India by using data from an Spn carriage study nested within a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial designed to evaluate the impact of newborn vitamin A supplementation on Spn carriage in the first 6 mo of life. Primary outcomes were weight, length, and anthropometric indices of nutritional status. Growth data at age 6 mo were available for 84% (389 of 464) of infants in the Spn carriage study. Carriage at age 2 mo was associated with increased odds of stunting [OR: 3.07 (95% CI: 1.29, 7.36) P = 0.012] and lower weight [β: -266 g (95% CI: -527, -5) P = 0.045], length [β: -1.31 cm (95% CI: -2.32, -0.31) P = 0.010], and length-for-age Z scores [β: -0.59; (95% CI: -1.05, -0.13) P = 0.012] at age 6 mo. Spn carriage at age 4 mo did not affect growth. Carriage of invasive serotypes at age 2 mo was associated with decreases in mean weight [β: -289 g; (95% CI: -491, -106) P = 0.002] and length [β:-0.38 cm (95% CI: -1.49, -0.01) P = 0.047] at age 6 mo. Newborn vitamin A supplementation did not modify the association between Spn carriage and growth. Results suggest that pneumococcal carriage at age 2 mo is an independent risk factor for poor growth in young infants. Future studies need to clarify the role of Spn carriage on growth retardation in low-income countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Pneumococcal Carriage at Age 2 Months Is Associated with Growth Deficits at Age 6 Months among Infants in South India

Coles

Rahmathullah²,

Kanungo

et al. 2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…The serotype 14 is a common serotype among invasive isolates around the world, especially in young children. It accounted for nearly 30% of the invasive isolates collected from Canadian children between 1991 and 2004 and 25% of the invasive isolates recovered in German children between 1999 and 2003 (47,48). Similarly, serotype 14 isolates accounted for 10% of the invasive isolates collected from the Stockholm area in 1997, and this serotype has also been shown to spread and expand successfully in Sweden (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae Bind the Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein in a PspC Allele-Dependent Fashion

Dieudonne‐Vatran¹,

Krentz²,

Blom

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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The complement system constitutes an important component of the innate immune system. To colonize their host and/or to cause disease, many pathogens have evolved strategies to avoid complement-mediated bacterial lysis and opsonophagocytosis. In this study, using a collection of 55 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, we demonstrate for the first time that pneumococci bind the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP). C4BP binding seems to be restricted to certain serotypes such as serotype 4, 6B, 7F, and 14, of which the strains of serotype 14 are the strongest binders. We show that bacteria-bound C4BP retains its functional activity and down-regulates the activation of the classical pathway. Thus, this major respiratory pathogen may escape immune recognition and eradication by the complement system. Furthermore, we show that C4BP binding varies between strains but is dependent on the expression of pneumococcal surface protein C, PspC of group 4. The study of the distribution of group 4 pspC locus shows that most of high-binder serotype 14 isolates harbor an allelic variant of group 4 pspC. Using PspC-negative mutant strains, we identified a new allelic variant of PspC (PspC4.4) as a major ligand for C4BP, revealing a new function for this important pneumococcal virulence factor. Thus pneumococci exploit host C4BP for complement evasion in a PspC allele-dependent manner.

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“…Alcohol is one of the most important underlying conditions for pneumococcal disease and it is likely that the serotypes causing infection in alcohol exposed individuals are different from those in the normal populations. The adaptive and innate immune responses evoked by different serotypes of pneumococci are different (Burgess et al, 2008; Soininen et al, 2001). The rarely invasive serotypes initiate a more robust immune response than the commonly invasive serotypes (Burgess et al, 2008).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptive and innate immune responses evoked by different serotypes of pneumococci are different (Burgess et al, 2008; Soininen et al, 2001). The rarely invasive serotypes initiate a more robust immune response than the commonly invasive serotypes (Burgess et al, 2008). Serotype-dependent bactericidal response to pneumococcal infection in an alcohol exposed host has also been described by one study (Jareo et al, 1995).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol abuse and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: consideration of virulence factors and impaired immune responses

Bhatty

Pruett

Swiatlo

et al. 2011

Alcohol

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Alcohol is the most frequently abused substance in the world. Both acute and chronic alcohol consumption have diverse and well documented effects on the human immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections like bacterial pneumonia. S. pneumoniae is the most common bacterial etiology of community acquired pneumonia world-wide. The frequency and severity of pneumococcal infections in individuals with a history of alcohol abuse is much higher than the general population. Despite this obvious epidemiological relevance, very few experimental studies have focused on the interaction of pneumococci with the immune system of a host acutely or chronically exposed to alcohol. Understanding these host-pathogen interactions is imperative for designing effective prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for such populations. Recent advances in pneumococcal research have greatly improved our understanding of pneumococcal pathogenesis and virulence mechanisms. Additionally, a large body of data is available on the effect of alcohol on the physiology of the lungs and the innate and adaptive immune system of the host. The purpose of this review is to integrate the available knowledge in these diverse areas of for a better understanding of the how the compromised immune system derived from alcohol exposure responds to pneumococcal infections.

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Commonly invasive serotypes ofStreptococcus pneumoniaetrigger a reduced innate immune response compared with serotypes rarely responsible for invasive infection

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Pneumococcal Carriage at Age 2 Months Is Associated with Growth Deficits at Age 6 Months among Infants in South India

Pneumococcal Carriage at Age 2 Months Is Associated with Growth Deficits at Age 6 Months among Infants in South India

Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae Bind the Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein in a PspC Allele-Dependent Fashion

Alcohol abuse and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: consideration of virulence factors and impaired immune responses

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