Communal Approaches to Natural Resource Management in Africa: From Whence and to Where?

Murphree, Marshall W.

doi:10.1080/13880290490883250

Cited by 43 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In addition, Murphree [63] attributes the failure of the CBC approach to the inability to democratically decentralize and devolve power and resources to those in need. He notes that those with the power to devolve power and control of resources to local communities have a strong interest in resisting these changes, while those with objective interest in such changes have neither the power nor the resources to effect them [64].…”

Section: Devolution Of Power and Authoritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Environmental Governance: A Reflection on its Role in Shaping Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

Kiwango

Komakech

Tarimo

et al. 2015

Tropical Conservation Science

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Decentralised environmental governance has become a catchy solution to environmental problems caused by the failure of traditional centralised environmental governance. It promises to transfer power and authority, improve efficiency, equity, accountability, and inclusion of local people who were previously excluded by the command and control model. This paper examines the efficacy of decentralised environmental governance as an alternative approach to wildlife conservation in Tanzania. We analyse the policy and legal framework for Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) in Tanzania over the past two decades as a case study on current practice and its implications. We find that despite the rhetoric of community-based conservation (CBC), the wildlife industry remains heavily under state control, while the promises of CBC remain elusive. Questioning the effectiveness of decentralised environmental governance through CBC, we recommend that actors return to the drawing board and re-negotiate their positions, interests, power and authority if meaningfully decentralised environmental governance is to be achieved.Key Words: decentralization, governance, wildlife management areas, development, Tanzania RésuméLa gouvernance environnementale décentralisée est devenue une solution attirante en réponse aux problèmes environnementaux liés à l'échec des approches gouvernementales centralisées et traditionnelles concernant l'environnement. Elle permet le transfert du pouvoir et d'autorisation gouvernementale, d'améliorer l'efficacité, l'équité, la responsabilité et l'inclusion des populations locales précédemment exclues par l'approche gouvernementale d'autorité et contrôle. Dans cet article, nous utilisons la gouvernance environnementale décentralisée pour examiner son efficacité comme outil de protection de la nature communautaire (PNC) en Tanzanie. En particulier, nous analysons la cadre politique et juridique des Zones de Gestion des Ressources Fauniques (ZGF) mise en oeuvre en Tanzanie au cours des deux dernières décennies comme une étude de cas pour illustrer la pratique courante et les implications de cette approche. Nous constatons que malgré la rhétorique de la conservation communautaire, l'industrie de la faune reste fortement sous le contrôle de l'État, tandis que les promesses de l'approche communautaire restent douteuses. Ayant questionné l'efficacité de la gouvernance environnementale décentralisée par l'entremise de la PNC, nous conseillons que les acteurs renégocient leur positions, intérêts, pouvoir et autorité pour qu'une réelle gouvernance environnementale décentralisée puisse être atteinte.

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Section: Devolution Of Power and Authoritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Environmental Governance: A Reflection on its Role in Shaping Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

Kiwango

Komakech

Tarimo

et al. 2015

Tropical Conservation Science

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“…This has obvious consequences for benefit sharing, leading to the elite capture of benefits and deepened inequalities (Murphree 2004, Binot et al 2009, Nelson 2010. Such contests and power imbalances over resource rights and benefits are fundamental to our understanding of benefitsharing arrangements and outcomes.…”

Section: Power As a Central Determinant Of Benefit Sharingmentioning

confidence: 99%

People, Power, and the Coast: a Conceptual Framework for Understanding and Implementing Benefit Sharing

Wynberg,

Hauck

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. The concept of benefit sharing has seen growing adoption in recent years by a variety of sectors. However, its conceptual underpinnings, definitions, and framework remain poorly articulated and developed. We aim to help address this gap by presenting a new conceptual approach for enhancing understanding about benefit sharing and its implementation. We use the coast as a lens through which the analysis is framed because of the intricate governance challenges which coastal social-ecological systems present, the increasing development and exploitation pressures on these systems, and the growing need to improve understanding about the way in which greater equity and reduced inequalities could reduce conflicts, protect coastal ecosystems, and ensure greater social justice. Key elements of the framework include the range of actors involved, the natural resources they access and use, the interventions introduced to redistribute benefits, and the benefits and losses that result from these interventions. The framework underscores the importance of process in determining who gets what, as well as the wider institutional, political, social, and economic context. Power relations and imbalances underpin many of these elements and remain the central reason for benefits being distributed in the way that they are. The framework has relevance and application for coastal livelihoods, rural governance, and resource sustainability in a context in which community rights are increasingly undermined through land grabbing, unequal power relations, and externally driven development interventions.

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“…Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) developed in southern Africa in response to a variety of environmental, social, and political pressures including the continued presence of biodiversity, particularly wildlife, on communal lands, and in response to political pressure to extend rights given to mainly white landowners to manage and benefit from wildlife on communal lands (Jones 1999, as cited in Fabricius et al 2001, Jones andMurphree 2004). The need to stimulate rural development was also a driving force (Kiss 1990, Western et al 1994, Blaikie 2006, Roe et al 2009) because activities were frequently located in areas with high levels of poverty and few economic opportunities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy

Suich¹

2013

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs aim to link the achievement of conservation objectives with those of rural development and poverty alleviation. However, after more than a decade of implementation in southern Africa, there is remarkably little rigorous analysis of their achievements with respect to these goals. An evaluation of two CBNRM interventions, the Tchuma Tchato Project in Mozambique and the Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, measured the impacts at the household level using multidimensional poverty indices. The analysis found no positive impacts on the multiple dimensions of poverty arising from the Tchuma Tchato initiative in Mozambique. In Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, positive impacts were felt only on household financial capital on a disappointingly narrow scale. These results have important implications for policy makers and program designers and demonstrate the necessity of developing targeted strategies if poverty alleviation outcomes are to be achieved. Further, if the assumption that the provision of incentives is key to encouraging and maintaining participation in CBNRM is correct, the delivery of appropriate benefits that have a sufficient impact at the household level will be crucial for the long run sustainability of these initiatives.

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Communal Approaches to Natural Resource Management in Africa: From Whence and to Where?

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Decentralized Environmental Governance: A Reflection on its Role in Shaping Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

Decentralized Environmental Governance: A Reflection on its Role in Shaping Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

People, Power, and the Coast: a Conceptual Framework for Understanding and Implementing Benefit Sharing

Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy

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