Communicating the significance of radiologic test results: the likelihood ratio

Black, W. P.; Armstrong, Peter

doi:10.2214/ajr.147.6.1313

Cited by 54 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…Of these, 154 (52%) were judged to be demented and 142 (48%) not demented, a dementia frequency similar to that recorded in a previous, non-overlapping, cohort of patients from the Cognitive Function Clinic [18] . The commonest cause of dementia was Alzheimer's disease (AD) or mixed AD/cerebrovascular disease (n = 122; 79%), with smaller numbers due to vascular dementia (13), frontotemporal lobar degeneration syndromes (11) and miscellaneous other causes (8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Diagnosis of Dementia: Diagnostic Accuracy of an Instrument Measuring Activities of Daily Living in a Clinic-Based Population

Hancock

Larner

2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: Since widely accepted definitions of dementia encompass impairments in social and occupational, as well as cognitive, function, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of Lawton and Brody’s Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale as an independent test for the diagnosis of dementia. Methods: The IADL Scale was administered to consecutive referrals to 2 memory clinics over a 2-year period, independent of other tests (interview, neuropsychology, imaging) which were used to establish diagnoses according to standard diagnostic criteria, and the results were compared. Results: In a cohort of 296 patients, 52% adjudged to have dementia, IADL Scale scores and subscores showed low sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of dementia. The likelihood ratios, a measure of diagnostic gain, were generally small to unimportant, and diagnostic accuracy as measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was no better than 0.75. Conclusion: IADL Scale scores are not very helpful in making a diagnosis of dementia. More sensitive scales may be required to detect dementia-related functional decline, although it is also possible that dementia syndromes may be present in the absence of functional decline, challenging accepted definitions of dementia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…0.1 [8] . Hence, none of the aforementioned figures for ADL scores in the diagnosis of dementia is notable, with the exception of the LR-for the 4-IADL Scale in the study by Barberger-Gateau et al [6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Diagnosis of Dementia: Diagnostic Accuracy of an Instrument Measuring Activities of Daily Living in a Clinic-Based Population

Hancock

Larner

2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…The likelihood ratio (LR) has been introduced to quantify the overlap of morphological features between benign and malignant lesions [21,22]. LR is defined as the quotient of the number of malignant lesions with a specific morphological feature and the number of benign lesions with the same feature.…”

Section: Marginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of small pulmonary nodules by CT

Wormanns

Diederich

2004

Eur Radiol

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“…A brief description of the likelihood ratio (15,16) is relevant here because this measurement is not affected by disease prevalence and can yield clinically useful information. Likelihood ratio is defined as the probability that a person with a disease will have a particular examination result divided by the probability that a person with no disease will have that same result.…”

Section: Quantifying Changes In Disease Likelihoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Measures of Diagnostic Examination Performance: Usefulness for Clinical Decision Making and Research

Langlotz

2003

Radiology

104

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Measures of diagnostic accuracy, such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and receiver operating characteristic curves, can often seem like abstract mathematic concepts that have a minimal relationship with clinical decision making or clinical research. The purpose of this article is to provide definitions and examples of these concepts that illustrate their usefulness in specific clinical decision-making tasks. In particular, nine principles are provided to guide the use of these concepts in daily radiology practice, in interpreting clinical literature, and in designing clinical research studies. An understanding of these principles and of the measures of diagnostic accuracy to which they apply is vital to the appropriate evaluation and use of diagnostic imaging examinations.

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Communicating the significance of radiologic test results: the likelihood ratio

Cited by 54 publications

References 1 publication

The Diagnosis of Dementia: Diagnostic Accuracy of an Instrument Measuring Activities of Daily Living in a Clinic-Based Population

The Diagnosis of Dementia: Diagnostic Accuracy of an Instrument Measuring Activities of Daily Living in a Clinic-Based Population

Characterization of small pulmonary nodules by CT

Fundamental Measures of Diagnostic Examination Performance: Usefulness for Clinical Decision Making and Research

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