Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers

Färber, Berthold

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48847-8_7

Cited by 83 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When designing the behaviour of the AV in a mixed traffic environment, we assume that it is highly relevant to understand how human traffic participants currently interact with each other. This is in line with the work of other authors who analyse the current human-human behaviour to understand how an AV needs to be designed for safe implementation in mixed traffic scenarios (see Beggiato, Witzlack, & Krems, 2017;Färber 2016;Imbsweiler et al 2017 a,b;Parkin et al 2017;Portouli et al 2014;Rasouli et al 2017;Schneemann & Gohl 2016;Vissers et al 2016).…”

Section: Analysis Of Common Interactions Between Traffic Participantssupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Additionally, the vehicle type and appearance provide another source of information that forms expectations (Klatt et al 2016). Due to its size, a truck is associated with being slower than a sports car, but also likely more dangerous to collide with (Färber 2016). Thus, the vehicle type helps traffic participants to determine the general motion characteristics of a vehicle and its driving style.…”

Section: Analysis Of Common Interactions Between Traffic Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing the interaction of automated vehicles with other traffic participants: design considerations based on human needs and expectations

et al. 2018

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Automated vehicles (AV) are expected to be integrated into mixed traffic environments in the near future. As human road users have established elaborated interaction strategies to coordinate their actions among each other, one challenge that Human Factors experts and vehicle designers are facing today is how to design AVs in a way that they can safely and intuitively interact with other traffic participants. This paper presents design considerations that are intended to support AV designers in reducing the complexity of the design space. The design considerations are based on a literature review of common human-human interaction strategies. Four categories of information are derived for the design considerations: 1) information about vehicle driving mode; 2) information about AVs' manoeuvres; 3) information about AVs' perceptions of the environment; and 4) information about AVs' cooperation capabilities. In this paper, we apply the four categories to analyse existing research studies of traffic participants' needs during interactions with AVs, and results of the CityMobil2 project. From the CityMobil2 project we present central results from face-to-face interviews, an onsite-survey and two focus groups. To further support the AV designers we describe and rate different design options to present the information of the four categories, including the design of the infrastructure, the vehicle shape, the vehicle manoeuvres and the external Human-Machine Interface (HMI) of the AV.

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Section: Analysis Of Common Interactions Between Traffic Participantssupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Analysis Of Common Interactions Between Traffic Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing the interaction of automated vehicles with other traffic participants: design considerations based on human needs and expectations

et al. 2018

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“…Road use is officially regulated by traffic laws and standardized signals, both vehicle-based (e.g., turn signals, hazard lights, horns) and infrastructure-based (e.g., traffic lights, traffic signs, road surface markings). However, it is often the case that informal communicative cues are employed by traffic participants to further enhance traffic flow and ensure safety on the road for all parties involved (Färber, 2016;. Negotiating traffic, signaling intention, resolving ambiguities, acknowledging the presence of other road users, rebuking transgressions, and even surviving reckless road behavior, are often made possible through use of hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact, by motorists, cyclists, and pedestrians alike (Guéguen et al, 2015(Guéguen et al, , 2016Ren et al, 2016;Dey and Terken, 2017;Sucha et al, 2017;Nathanael et al, 2018;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External Human–Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication: A Review of Empirical Work

2019

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Interaction between drivers and pedestrians is often facilitated by informal communicative cues, like hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact. In the near future, however, when semi-and fully autonomous vehicles are introduced into the traffic system, drivers will gradually assume the role of mere passengers, who are casually engaged in non-driving-related activities and, therefore, unavailable to participate in traffic interaction. In this novel traffic environment, advanced communication interfaces will need to be developed that inform pedestrians of the current state and future behavior of an autonomous vehicle, in order to maximize safety and efficiency for all road users. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive account of empirical work in the field of external human-machine interfaces for autonomous vehicle-topedestrian communication. In the great majority of covered studies, participants clearly benefited from the presence of a communication interface when interacting with an autonomous vehicle. Nevertheless, standardized interface evaluation procedures and optimal interface specifications are still lacking.

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“…Vehicle-pedestrian interactions are diverse and complex [8]. Limiting the scope to crosswalks and to pedestrian crossing decisions, vehicles can provide pedestrians with ample information on their awareness and intent using movement patterns, including speed, acceleration, and stopping distance [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

Mahadevan

Somanath

Sharlin

2018

Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

271

141

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Drivers use nonverbal cues such as vehicle speed, eye gaze, and hand gestures to communicate awareness and intent to pedestrians. Conversely, in autonomous vehicles, drivers can be distracted or absent, leaving pedestrians to infer awareness and intent from the vehicle alone. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of interfaces (beyond vehicle movement) that explicitly communicate awareness and intent of autonomous vehicles to pedestrians, focusing on crosswalk scenarios. We conducted a preliminary study to gain insight on designing interfaces that communicate autonomous vehicle awareness and intent to pedestrians. Based on study outcomes, we developed four prototype interfaces and deployed them in studies involving a Segway and a car. We found interfaces communicating vehicle awareness and intent: (1) can help pedestrians attempting to cross; (2) are not limited to the vehicle and can exist in the environment; and (3) should use a combination of modalities like visual, auditory, and physical.

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Communication and Communication Problems Between Autonomous Vehicles and Human Drivers

Cited by 83 publications

References 4 publications

Designing the interaction of automated vehicles with other traffic participants: design considerations based on human needs and expectations

Designing the interaction of automated vehicles with other traffic participants: design considerations based on human needs and expectations

External Human–Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication: A Review of Empirical Work

Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction

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