The ABC of computational pragmatics HARRY BUNT AND BILL BLACK Although 'applied linguistics' is potentially much broader, this field is most heavily engaged with the improvement of methods of teaching and learning. On one side, the learning of language is an obvious application of linguistics, but on the other, considerable effort is devoted to the study of linguistic interaction as the indispensable medium of learning in all subjects. Nearly all approaches to language instruction place considerable emphasis on the learning of contextually appropriate utterances. Modern learning materials are typically organised not by grammatical phenomena, but via a classification of contexts and types of speech act. Teachers and textbook writers often advertise their methods as a 'communicative approach', in contrast to traditional grammar-based approaches.