Communication Networks and New Media in Organizations

Contractor, Noshir; Eisenberg, Eric M.

doi:10.4135/9781483325385.n7

Cited by 199 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…At the same time that intragroup ties are being constantly negotiated, conventions of group behavior and use of technology are emerging through discussion and actual use (Contractor & Eisenberg, 1990;DeSanctis & Poole, 1994). It has been suggested that computer-mediated groups may be slow at group development because of the reduced cues of the CMC environment (Walther, 1995).…”

Section: Development Of Ties Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this social construction of media use, i.e., its de nition and rede nition according to use, patterns of exchange and media use are constantly emerging (Contractor & Eisenberg, 1990;DeSanctis & Poole, 1994). CMC "never are technologie s whose design is xed; instead the design continues to be developed simultaneousl y with their implementation and use" (Lea et al, 1999, p. 300).…”

Section: Strong and Weak Tie In Uences On Media Use Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CMC "never are technologie s whose design is xed; instead the design continues to be developed simultaneousl y with their implementation and use" (Lea et al, 1999, p. 300). Norms and standards of use are initiated and sustained by frequent interactors and reinforced by continued use (Clark & Brennan, 1991;Contractor & Eisenberg, 1990;DeSanctis & Poole, 1994;Fulk, 1993;Yates et al, 1997).…”

Section: Strong and Weak Tie In Uences On Media Use Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong, Weak, and Latent Ties and the Impact of New Media

Haythornthwaite¹

2002

The Information Society

569

370

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New computer media have been portrayed in contradictory ways (Rice, 1999;Wellman et al., 1996). On the one hand, they are seen as providing a reduced cues environment that is ill-suited to emotional, expressive or complex communications , and responsible for longer decision times, anti-social aming behaviors and decreased social involvement (Daft & Lengel, 1986;Finholt & Sproull, 1990;Fish et al., 1993;Kiesler & Sproull, 1992;Kraut et al., 1998;Lea et al., 1992). On the other hand, new media are seen as integrative, connecting disparate others (Constant et al., 1996;Feldman, 1987;Pickering & King, 1995), increasing the involvement of peripheral players (Eveland & Bikson, 1988;Sproull & Kiesler, 1986, 1991, consolidatin g existing connections (Lind & Zmud, 1995), and supporting rich online communities (Jones, 1995(Jones, , 1998Kiesler, 1997;Smith & Kollock, 1999; Sudweeks et al., 1997). These contradiction s make it dif cult to assess the impact of new media, and to plan for its implementation and use. The emphasis on explanations about the impact of electronic media alone often fails to consider that medium in its context, along with more traditional media and face-to-face communications , and the needs and tasks of communicators. Although researchers in communication technology have put forward theories of media use, there is still a need for theories that provide a "framework for synthesis and integration of empirical ndings" (Stein eld & Fulk, 1990, p. 13).This article argues that viewing these results from the perspective of the strength and nature of the social network tie between communicators can help integrate and synthesize these disparate ndings, as well as the use of both electronic and nonelectronic means of communication. The main argument of this article is that the use and impacts of media are dependent on the type of tie connecting communicators. The tie determines the ways, means, and expression of communications , and it determines the motivation, needs, and desires for communication. This perspective begins with the social network tie between communicators and the way in which they 385

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Section: Development Of Ties Over Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strong and Weak Tie In Uences On Media Use Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strong and Weak Tie In Uences On Media Use Normsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strong, Weak, and Latent Ties and the Impact of New Media

Haythornthwaite¹

2002

The Information Society

569

370

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“…In this respect, it is not simply a matter of sheer numbers that might account for network-based exchanges of influence, but access to diverse, non-redundant, or superior resources within other networks (Lin, Ensel & Vaughn, 1981) (Contractor & Eisenberg, 1990).…”

Section: Technology In Constituted/constitutive Contexts Of Interactimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Communications of Influence through Technology-Enabled Media

Turner¹

2006

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2. REPORT settings, the goal of this study 'was to examine the relationships between influence and media from all three perspectives.Perceptions of the context of media use in collaborative settings were described using self-guided focus groups and survey response data. A series of structured group experiences was then administered to create a collaborative problem-solving environment using one of three media capabilities: face-to-face, voice conference, and chat.Behavioral indices of influence were recorded during the structured group experiences to explore effects attributable to media. Finally, in-depth perceptual data was collected through semi-structured interviews to determine how media in use during the structured group experiences impacted interpersonal influence and the context in which that influence was expressed.vii Results indicate that common experiences and perceptions of communication media were situated within a larger context of use, one in which media affect and are affected by relevant aspects of that context. Ten such contextual factors and the relationships between them were described and illustrated. Media were not found to account for any meaningful differences in behavioral indices of influence; the nature of those indices suggests that informational influence was independent of the medium through which it was expressed. However, media differences were responsible for pronounced effects on perceptions of influence when conceptualized beyond behavioral measures, as well as on perceptions and experiences of various elements of the context of media use and the environment in which influence was expressed and exchanged.In general, variations in non-verbal sensory and feedback cues accounted for most of the perceptual findings. However, the nature of the effects, as well as other factors unrelated to non-verbal cues, suggested a functional perspective that was more informative for meaningfully discriminating between media and their effects:interactivity, social awareness, and propinquity. Practical and theoretical considerations are discussed in light of the obtain...

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“…New organizational designs are emerging such as network organizations [3,4] and virtual organizations [5]. In these new organizations, even though information processing is key [6], communication is not constrained to be vertical [7]. Rattier, the network of connections within and among organizations acts to constrain and enable the flow of goods, services, agents and information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Network Optimization Approach for Improving Organizational Design

Carley¹,

Kamneva²

2004

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Organizations are frequently designed and redesigned, often in efforts to improve performance or meet various managerial goals for coordination and communication. Such design is often done through the review of a few of options and the use of managerial and possibly personnel insight into how the new design might work. In contrast, we provide a systematic optimization based approach. In this approach, the user can pick one or more Dynamic Network Analysis (DNA) metrics and then use one or more of the available optimizers to find a design that more closely meets this ideal. The optimizer utilizes heuristic based optimization procedures to generate an optimized organizational design given a particular mission. DNA metrics, such as Communication Congruence, Resource Congruence, Cognitive Load, and Actual Workload, serve to define criteria. The Optimizer can perform multi-criteria optimization in order to improve several metrics simultaneously. Two optimization methods can be used -Monte Carlo and Simulated Annealing, both of which are statistical methods of finding a global optimum. DNA metrics used in the optimizations are computed by ORA. This report describes this optimizer.

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Communication Networks and New Media in Organizations

Cited by 199 publications

References 39 publications

Strong, Weak, and Latent Ties and the Impact of New Media

Strong, Weak, and Latent Ties and the Impact of New Media

The Communications of Influence through Technology-Enabled Media

A Network Optimization Approach for Improving Organizational Design

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