Communication of ionising radiation signals – a tale of two fish

Mothersill, Carmel; Seymour, Colin

doi:10.3109/09553000903105452

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…At 10 4 Bq/mL (i.e., 1.1 × 10 2 µGy/h), a decrease in DNA damage was observed in 4-dpf contaminated larvae. An explanation of this result at the low dose rate could be a hormesis effect of ionizing radiation, as was already shown in fish (Mothersill and Seymour 2009). No effect was shown for all dose rates in 7-and 10-dpf larvae.…”

Section: Subindividual Responses To Htosupporting

confidence: 68%

Tritiated Water Exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects on the Early‐Life Stages

Gagnaire

Arcanjo

Cavalié

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen of natural and anthropogenic origin, is ubiquitously present in the environment. Effluents of nuclear centers of production are significant anthropogenic sources. With the upcoming project of thermonuclear fusion, tritium releases in the environment may increase. It is therefore important to characterize the ecological risk linked to tritium. The effects of tritiated water (HTO) were therefore studied in zebrafish larvae exposed for 10 d to different dose rates, 1.1 × 102, 4.1 × 102, and 3.8 × 103 µGy/h for larvae corresponding, respectively, to a water contamination of 104, 105, and 106 Bq/mL of HTO. Those dose rates were higher than 10 μGy/h, which is the threshold recommended to start monitoring ecosystems where radiological contaminants are present. Mortality, embryo‐larval development, immune toxicity, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and alterations of tissues were investigated. The results showed that HTO exposure induced DNA damage and reactive oxygen species production and modulated the expression of genes involved in detoxification processes. Moreover, modifications of the muscular tissues (degradation of myofibrils at 4 d post fertilization and disorganization of mitochondria at later stages) were observed. The results differed with HTO dose rates and with developmental stages. These results will drive future research for the development of new HTO‐sensitive biomarkers and will allow us to progress in the characterization of the modes of action of tritium in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:648–658. © 2019 SETAC

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Section: Subindividual Responses To Htosupporting

confidence: 68%

Tritiated Water Exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects on the Early‐Life Stages

Gagnaire

Arcanjo

Cavalié

et al. 2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…This study did not suggest an immune enhancing or suppressive effect in C. elegans, but further research on this species may provide useful insights that may be translated to in-vivo mammalian models. Mothersill and Seymour (2009) outlined NTEs such as the RIGI and RIBE observed in many fish studies conducted in-vitro and in-vivo. These effects may transmit via chemical signals from cells to the tissue, from tissue to the organism, from the organism to the population, and a speculated effect from the population to the ecosystem.…”

Section: Immune Effects In Non-human Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low dose ionizing radiation and the immune response: what is the role of non-targeted effects?

Dawood

Mothersill

Seymour

2021

International Journal of Radiation Biology

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Objectives: This review aims to trace the historical narrative surrounding the low dose effects of radiation on the immune system and how our understanding has changed from the beginning of the 20th century to now. The particular focus is on the non-targeted effects (NTEs) of low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) which are effects that occur when irradiated cells emit signals that cause effects in the nearby or distant non-irradiated cells known as radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE). Moreover, radiation induced genomic instability (RIGI) and abscopal effect (AE) also regarded as NTE. This was prompted by our recent discovery that ultraviolet A (UVA) photons are emitted by the irradiated cells and that these photons can trigger NTE such as the RIBE in unirradiated recipients of these photons. Given the well-known association between UV radiation and the immune response, where these biophotons may pose as bystander signals potentiating processes in deep tissues as a consequence of LDIR, it is timely to review the field with a fresh lens. Various pathways and immune components that contribute to the beneficial and adverse types of modulation induced by LDR will also be revisited. Conclusion:There is limited evidence for LDIR induced immune effects by way of a non-targeted mechanism in biological tissue. The literature examining low to medium dose effects of ionizing radiation on the immune system and its components is complex and controversial. Early work was compromised by lack of good dosimetry while later work mainly looks at the involvement of immune response in radiotherapy. There is a lack of research in the LDIR/NTE field focusing on immune response although bone marrow stem cells and lineages were critical in the identification and characterization of NTE where effects like RIGI and RIBE were heavily researched. This may be in part, a result of the difficulty of isolating NTE in whole organisms which are essential for good immune response studies. Models involving inter organism transmission of NTE are a promising route to overcome these issues.

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“…For example, changes in plant secondary metabolites may influence plant-eating insects [ 24 ]. The bystander effect in fish may also be a good example [ 47 ]. More broadly, a nuclear reactor releases not only radioactive substances but also nonradioactive substances, such as particulate matter, which may cause immunological reactions in humans and other animals [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Microbes and Plant-Associated Microbes in Response to Radioactive Pollution May Indirectly Affect Plants and Insect Herbivores: Evidence for Indirect Field Effects from Chernobyl and Fukushima

Sakauchi,

Otaki

2024

Microorganisms

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The biological impacts of the nuclear accidents in Chernobyl (1986) and Fukushima (2011) on wildlife have been studied in many organisms over decades, mainly from dosimetric perspectives based on laboratory experiments using indicator species. However, ecological perspectives are required to understand indirect field-specific effects among species, which are difficult to evaluate under dosimetric laboratory conditions. From the viewpoint that microbes play a fundamental role in ecosystem function as decomposers and symbionts for plants, we reviewed studies on microbes inhabiting soil and plants in Chernobyl and Fukushima in an attempt to find supporting evidence for indirect field-specific effects on plants and insect herbivores. Compositional changes in soil microbes associated with decreases in abundance and species diversity were reported, especially in heavily contaminated areas of both Chernobyl and Fukushima, which may accompany explosions of radioresistant species. In Chernobyl, the population size of soil microbes remained low for at least 20 years after the accident, and the abundance of plant-associated microbes, which are related to the growth and defense systems of plants, possibly decreased. These reported changes in microbes likely affect soil conditions and alter plant physiology. These microbe-mediated effects may then indirectly affect insect herbivores through food-mass-mediated, pollen-mediated, and metabolite-mediated interactions. Metabolite-mediated interactions may be a major pathway for ecological impacts at low pollution levels and could explain the decreases in insect herbivores in Fukushima. The present review highlights the importance of the indirect field effects of long-term low-dose radiation exposure under complex field circumstances.

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Communication of ionising radiation signals – a tale of two fish

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

Tritiated Water Exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects on the Early‐Life Stages

Tritiated Water Exposure in Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effects on the Early‐Life Stages

Low dose ionizing radiation and the immune response: what is the role of non-targeted effects?

Soil Microbes and Plant-Associated Microbes in Response to Radioactive Pollution May Indirectly Affect Plants and Insect Herbivores: Evidence for Indirect Field Effects from Chernobyl and Fukushima

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