Communication scheduling to minimize thermal effects of implanted biosensor networks in homogeneous tissue

Abstract

Abstract-A network of biosensors can be implanted in a human body for health monitoring, diagnostics, or as a prosthetic device. Biosensors can be organized into clusters where most of the communication takes place within the clusters, and long range transmissions to the base station are performed by the cluster leader to reduce the energy cost. In some applications, the tissues are sensitive to temperature increase and may be damaged by the heat resulting from normal operations and the recharging of sensor nodes. Our work is the first to consider rotating the cluster leadership to minimize the heating effects on human tissues. We explore the factors that lead to temperature increase, and the process for calculating the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature increase of implanted biosensors by using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. We improve performance by rotating the cluster leader based on the leadership history and the sensor locations. We propose a simplified scheme, Temperature Increase Potential, to efficiently predict the temperature increase in tissues surrounding implanted sensors. Finally, a genetic algorithm is proposed to exploit the search for an optimal temperature increase sequence.

Multi-Channel Framework for Body Area Network in Health Monitoring

“…Research community is trying to design specialized routing protocols for WBAN such as TARA [4], ALTR [5]. These protocols are concern with body heat and to find alternate path.…”

A Link Quality Estimator for Power-Efficient Communication Over On-Body Channels

“…In the WBSNs case, the human body has an important effect on the performance of the communication, it detunes and distorts the radiation pattern of the antenna, and it introduces attenuation due to absorption of power in the tissue or propagation blockage [9], [10], which is dissipated as heat. Di Franco et al [4] showed that the shape of human body is an additional critical parameter in channel models.…”

A Unified Methodology for Scheduling in Distributed Cyber-Physical Systems

“…This paper complements the related work on CPS by providing an abstract heat flow model that describes thermal interference in a CPS and using that model to derive an interference-aware scheduling and verification methodology. This paper draws lessons learned from previous work [Tang et al 2005;Tang et al 2006;Tang et al 2007;Tang et al 2008], where thermal-aware scheduling problems in ECDCPS were studied. This paper proposes a methodology that builds on the common aspects of the previous work efforts, and contrasts the differences to show how diverse the field of thermal-aware scheduling in ECDCPS is.…”

“…-Formalization of an unified methodology of analyzing and designing an ECDCPS with minimized thermal interference, based on the abstract heat flow model. -Revisiting of two thermal-aware application issues, namely, thermal aware communication scheduling of biosensor networks [Tang et al 2005] and thermal-aware task placement within data centers [Tang et al 2008], to demonstrate the capabilities of the abstract heat flow model and the methodology.…”