Communication solutions for a cloud-based charging management system for a fleet of shared-use electric vehicles

Abstract

The paper proposes a system architecture for charging infrastructure that serves the requirements of future fleets of shared-use electric vehicles in urban scenarios. The focus of the development is on the interfaces to central stakeholders such as mobility service providers, distribution network operators and utilities. The main concept of the proposed system is the adherence to a stringent resource-oriented design approach, following the design principles of the Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural software style for distributed systems. This design approach is used from the cloud-based services down to the implementation of the charging infrastructure's control algorithms. Focusing on the resources of the various entities simplifies the implementation of their interactions, compared to the explicit declaration of services that are available. The system design ensures that the charging infrastructure is open to all users and generates a benefit beyond basic charging operations. Integration in emerging smart markets is done via open web-based interfaces. These allow for the generation of an added value of concrete services for shared-use electric mobility. A link to the field of grid operation is proposed using the ISO/IEC 61850 telecontrol standard. The smart meter capabilities of the charging stations can be used to gain additional information on the current state of the distribution grid. As an exemplary service a load management service for a fleet of shared-use electric vehicles is going to be implemented

Dynamic Pricing for Electric Vehicle Charging—A Literature Review

“…An adequate infrastructure for monitoring and metering, for data storage and processing and for the communication between stakeholders like EV drivers, charging providers and distribution system operators, is required. Cloud-based EV charging management systems as proposed by Mierau et al [111] and Saqib et al [112] can represent a scalable solution. Data privacy is playing an increasingly important role.…”

Smart Electric Vehicle Charging in the Era of Internet of Vehicles, Emerging Trends, and Open Issues

“…Compared to the remote cloud, fewer servers are allocated to the edge cloud because of its faster processing ability and more even hourly arrival time distribution. At off-peak hours [1,7,11,15,18,24], the statistics of the three cases in Figures 5-7 are the same due to sufficient supply. Figure 5 depicts the hourly charging demand.…”

“…Centralized and decentralized scheduling has been studied for EVs. For example, a cloud-based scheduling for EVs and fleets of shared-use electric vehicles [8,15] and utilizing big data technology to analyze the decentralized scheduling of EVs with mobile edge computing (MEC) [16] have been studied. Similarly, MEC-enabled charging and discharging scheduling were presented to optimize EVs' performance (waiting time) in charging stations [17].…”