Communication strategies in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in vulnerable groups: A scoping review

Abstract

Background The global prevalence of diabetes is nearly 9%, with an upward trend in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes (GDM). Although evidence shows that vulnerable groups are affected disproportionally, these groups are difficult to reach in terms of preventive measures. Currently, there is no gold standard regarding communication strategies and/or public awareness campaigns. Methods We conducted a scoping review in September 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the results of the electronic literature search in several databases, including Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO. Extracted data were charted, categorized, and summarized. Results All of the included articles (n = 24) targeted T2DM; none targeted GDM. We identified the following five different vulnerable groups within the identified studies: migrants (n = 9), ethnic groups such as African Americans (n = 8), people with low socioeconomic status (n = 3), older people (n = 1) and people in need of care (n = 1). Three categories of communication strategies were identified as follows: adapted diabetes prevention programs (n = 21), community health workers (n = 5), and technical approaches (n = 9). Conclusion We found different approaches for preventive interventions for T2DM. Some of these approaches were already adapted to known barriers. Communication strategies should be adapted to barriers and facilitating factors to increase participation and motivation.