These notes give an introductory review on brane cosmology. This subject deals with the cosmological behaviour of a brane-universe, i.e. a three-dimensional space, where ordinary matter is confined, embedded in a higher dimensional spacetime. In the tractable case of a five-dimensional bulk spacetime, the brane (modified) Friedmann equation is discussed in detail, and various other aspects are presented, such as cosmological perturbations, bulk scalar fields and systems with several branes. * ) by guest on July 6, 2015 http://ptps.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from §2. Pre-history of brane cosmology Since our purpose is to describe (homogeneous) cosmology within the brane, we will model our four-dimensional universe as an infinitesimally thin wall of constant spatial curvature embedded in a five-dimensional spacetime. This means that we need to consider spacetimes with planar (or spherical/hyperboloidal) symmetry along by guest on July 6, 2015 http://ptps.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded fromwhere R AB is the five-dimensional Ricci tensor and R = R A A its trace. Λ stands for a possible bulk cosmological constant, whereas T AB is the total energy momentum tensor. It includes the energy-momentum tensor of the brane, which is distributional by guest on July 6, 2015 http://ptps.oxfordjournals.org/ Downloaded from