Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2): Enabling Secure CNS and APNT for Safety-Critical Air Transport Systems

Srinivas, Sharanya; Herschfelt, Andrew; Yu, Han; Wu, Shunyao; Li, Yang; Lee, Hyunseok; Chakrabarti, Chaitali; Bliss, Daniel W.

doi:10.1109/dasc50938.2020.9256739

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Two-way time of flight ranging is more effective for line of sight channels where the propagation is more favorable. For example, two-way time of flight ranging for UAVs can provide localization and synchronization to support autonomy and networking [98], [99].…”

Section: A Multi-robot Slam and Geolocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Frequency Multi-Robot Networking

Sadler,

Dagefu,

Twigg

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Autonomous teams of unmanned ground and air vehicles rely on networking and distributed processing to collaborate as they jointly localize, explore, map, and learn in sometimes difficult and adverse conditions. Co-designed intelligent wireless networks are needed for these autonomous mobile agents for applications including disaster response, logistics and transportation, supplementing cellular networks, and agricultural and environmental monitoring. In this paper we describe recent progress on wireless networking and distributed processing for autonomous systems using a low frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, here defined as roughly 25 to 100 MHz with corresponding wavelengths of 3 to 12 meters. This research is motivated by the desire to support autonomous systems operating in dense and cluttered environments by harnessing low frequency propagation, where meters long wavelengths yield significantly reduced scattering and enhanced penetration of obstacles and structures. This differs considerably from higher frequency propagation, requiring different low frequency propagation models than those widely employed for other bands. Progress in use of low frequency for autonomous systems has resulted from combined advances in low frequency propagation modeling, networking, antennas and electromagnetics, geolocation, multi-antenna array distributed beamforming, and mobile collaborative processing. This article describes the breadth and the depth of interaction between areas, leading to new tools and methods, especially in physically complex indoor/outdoor, dense urban, and other challenging scenarios. We bring together key results, models, measurements, and experiments that describe the state of the art for new uses of low frequency spectrum for multi-agent autonomy.

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Section: A Multi-robot Slam and Geolocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Frequency Multi-Robot Networking

Sadler,

Dagefu,

Twigg

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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“…In controlled laboratory environments, this precision has been driven as low as 5 mm with only 10 MHz bandwidth while simultaneously enabling network communications and digitally synchronizing distributed users within a fraction of a nanosecond. When the platform geometries are known, these multi-antenna distance estimates may be translated into position and orientation estimates, the performance of which is subject to the geometric dilution of precision [ 13 , 14 ]. This precision enables sensitive applications such as automated landing and collision avoidance, while the small form factor allows installation into small vehicles such as UAV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2): Hardware Architecture, Implementation, and Validation

Herschfelt

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Spectral congestion and modern consumer applications motivate radio technologies that efficiently cooperate with nearby users and provide several services simultaneously. We designed and implemented a joint positioning-communications system that simultaneously enables network communications, timing synchronization, and localization to a variety of airborne and ground-based platforms. This Communications and High-Precision Positioning (CHP2) system simultaneously performs communications and precise ranging (<10 cm) with a narrow band waveform (10 MHz) at a carrier frequency of 915 MHz (US ISM) or 783 MHz (EU Licensed). The ranging capability may be extended to estimate the relative position and orientation by leveraging the spatial diversity of the multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) platforms. CHP2 also digitally synchronizes distributed platforms with sub-nanosecond precision without support from external systems (GNSS, GPS, etc.). This performance is enabled by leveraging precise time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation techniques, a network synchronization algorithm, and the intrinsic cooperation in the joint processing chain that executes these tasks simultaneously. In this manuscript, we describe the CHP2 system architecture, hardware implementation, and in-lab and over-the-air experimental validation.

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