Community acquired infections and bacterial resistance

Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance in 1,968 Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Isolated in Spanish Hospitals (2001 to 2003): Decreasing Penicillin Resistance in Children's Isolates

“…Epidemiological surveillance of antibiotic resistance is indispensable for empirical treatment of infections, implementation of resistance control measures, and prevention of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (12). The EARSS network, which includes more than 600 laboratories, is an epidemiological surveillance system based on susceptibility data provided by each microbiology laboratory according to standard methods based mainly on the NCCLS rules.…”

Improved antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired uropathogens in northern Israel (1995–1999–2002)

“…Although the hospital and the community are considered separate ecosystems their boundaries have been blurred [2]. Thus, resistant organisms that in the past were isolated almost only in intensive care settings are now a growing and frequent problem in community-acquired infections [3].…”

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of 1,684 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 2,039 Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates and Their Ecological Relationships: Results of a 1-Year (1998–1999) Multicenter Surveillance Study in Spain

“…Although several authors have reported on variations in the prevalence of resistance in the absence of variations in antibiotic use (27,28), the increase in resistance to a given antibiotic (e.g., erythromycin) often relates to the consumption of that antibiotic or of antibiotics belonging to the same group (11,24). Because many pneumococcal strains display multiresistance, it is no wonder that the consumption of a given antibiotic leads to an increase in resistance to nonrelated antibiotics (8,10; Garcia-Rey et al, Abstr. Proc.…”

“…In addition to links between macrolide consumption and erythromycin resistance in S. pyogenes (11,24) and consumption of ␤-lactams and macrolides and resistance to penicillin and erythromycin in S. pneumoniae (12), multiresistance and coselection of resistance (8,10; C. García-Rey, L. Aguilar, J. García-de-Lomas, and the Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens, Abstr. Proc.…”