Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: What’s New Focusing on Epidemiology, Microorganisms and Diagnosis?

Romero, A.; Rello, Jordi

doi:10.5152/etd.2018.18128

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most common causes of hospital admissions and death worldwide. The incidence and mortality of CAP are associated with the presence of comorbidities and increasing age [65].…”

Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using hospital data, pneumonia is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalization in adults. In developed countries, the main burden of hospitalized patients with CAP is in older patients with comorbidity, whereas in many developing countries, the main burden of hospitalized patients with CAP is among adults in the working age [65]. The World Health Organization reported that the average number of deaths related to CAP was approximately 700,000 deaths per year in developing countries [65].…”

Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In developed countries, the main burden of hospitalized patients with CAP is in older patients with comorbidity, whereas in many developing countries, the main burden of hospitalized patients with CAP is among adults in the working age [65]. The World Health Organization reported that the average number of deaths related to CAP was approximately 700,000 deaths per year in developing countries [65]. Moreover, the contracting risk of CAP is strongly linked to the prevalence of the disease in the environment, which is the case of populations with poor access to primary health care services [66].…”

Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Chest Infection in Patients with Heart Failure in Al-Wahadah Teaching Hospital, Dhamar, Yemen

Al-Huthi¹,

Jayed²,

Salah³

2023

ijcsrr

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Background: Heart failure is a common clinical manifestation of most organic heart diseases that progress to the end stage. Patients with heart failure are often accompanied by secondary conditions such as pulmonary circulatory congestion and pulmonary edema, which can lead to dyspnea, gas exchange disorders, and other consequences, creating certain conditions for pathogens to invade and colonize the lungs. Therefore, patients with heart failure may have higher risk of pulmonary infection. Aim: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chest infection among patients with heart failure and to determine the characteristics of the patients with heart failure who had chest infection and the potential risk factors. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at internal medicine department, Al-Wahdah Teaching Hospital, Dhamar, Yemen over six months (June – December 2022). A total of 100 patients were enrolled in our study. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed and used for data collection. Results: A total of 100 heart failure patients including 53 (53%) males, and 47 (47%) females were successfully enrolled in this study. The majority of participated patients were of age group 40 – 60 years (55%), and were of rural residence (83%). Chest infection was documented in approximately two-thirds of included patients (63%). Chest infection was documented in majority of patients who were smokers, Qat chewer, shamma intakes, being obese, had cardiomyopathy, as well as those patients who had dyspnea of NYHA class III & IV, orthopnea, PND, productive cough, high sputum amount, whitish sputum color, peripheral chest pain, fatigue, sweating, fever and high WBC count, such associations were significant statistically. Conclusion: This study revealed that, chest infection in heart failure patients was common with overall prevalence of (63%) among included patients this study was. Based on this, an early prevention and intervention measures should be taken to reduce pulmonary infections in patients with heart failure.

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Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Prevalence of Chest Infection in Patients with Heart Failure in Al-Wahadah Teaching Hospital, Dhamar, Yemen

Al-Huthi¹,

Jayed²,

Salah³

2023

ijcsrr

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“…A PAC é a principal causa de mortalidade listada entre as condições infecciosas no mundo e acarreta cerca de 1 milhão de internações hospitalares, causando enorme impacto nos recursos de saúde e representando um desafio em termos do diagnóstico e do tratamento. Sua incidência e mortalidade estão associadas ao aumento da idade e do surgimento de comorbidades (4). No Brasil, a PAC é a principal causa de internação no Sistema Único de Saúde.…”

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“…O conhecimento da etiologia das infecções mais comuns da PAC é importante para prescrição empírica inicial de antimicrobianos. Seguindo essa ideia, normalmente é prescrito um antimicrobiano de espectro mais amplo, o que pode elevar a possibilidade de toxicidade e de aumento da resistência bacteriana (4). Neste contexto, é sabido que Streptococcus pneumoniae é responsável por boa parte dos casos de pneumonia em adultos no mundo.…”

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Resistência antimicrobiana na pneumonia adquirida na comunidade: revisão de literatura

Silva

Oliveira

Gomes

et al. 2021

VITTALLE, ISSN 1413-3563, Rio Grande, Brasil

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A resistência antimicrobiana é um fator importante para a abordagem da Pneumonia Adquirida na Comunidade, uma das principais causas de morte por doenças infecciosas no mundo. A presente revisão de literatura objetiva analisar a resistência bacteriana relacionada aos principais antimicrobianos usados para o tratamento da Pneumonia Adquirida na Comunidade, na Atenção Primária à Saúde, no mundo e no Brasil. Foram realizadas pesquisas com oito associações composta por quatro dos seguintes descritores: “Pneumonia”, “Brazil”, “Family Health Strategy”, “Primary Health Care”, “Anti-Bacterial Agents”, “Drug Resistance, Bacterial”, “Drug Resistance, Microbial” e “Antimicrobial Stewardship”. As bases de dados utilizadas foram: Pubmed/Medline, Google Scholar, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Portal de Periódicos Capes/MEC e Research Gate, considerando o período de maio a junho de 2020. Após a análise, dez estudos foram incluídos, com ausência de resultados concernentes ao Brasil. Os trabalhos obtidos referiram-se à resistência nos países europeus (sete), nos Estados Unidos (dois) e no Malawi (um). O Streptococcus pneumoniae apresentou-se como o patógeno bacteriano de maior prevalência nessa infecção. Os resultados sugerem a importância de se estabelecer diretrizes para o tratamento da Pneumonia Adquirida na Comunidade de acordo com o perfil epidemiológico de cada região. No Brasil, especificamente, as dificuldades no manejo dessa condição, realizado regularmente de forma empírica, podem ser explicadas pela ausência de estudos dirigidos a essa temática, tornando-se fundamental a realização de investigações da realidade brasileira.

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Analysis of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Culture Results on Clinical Severity of Patients with CAP

Afiah

Handayani

Kadir

2023

Indonesian J. Clin. Pathol. Med. Lab.

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an acute infection with high morbidity and mortality, especially among toddlers and elders in Indonesia. Culture is the gold standard for infectious diseases, which requires a long time. Therefore, a rapid, inexpensive, easy-to-use marker such as NLR is needed. To analyze the relationship of NLR and culture results with the clinical severity of CAP. A retrospective study with a cross-sectional design was performed using secondary data from CAP patients at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital from January 1st, 2018 to July 31st, 2021. The study conducted on 113 samples showed no significant differences between NLR and clinical severity of CAP (p-value of 0.071). However, the mean value of NLR in severe CAP was higher (6±4.74) than in moderate CAP (2.58±1.8) with no significant correlation (p-value 0.071). There was a significant difference in culture on the clinical severity of CAP (p-value 0.005). A positive correlation was found between culture and clinical severity of CAP (p-value 0.004) with weak correlation strength (r=0.266). NLR is an early detection marker of infection. Stimulation of growth hormone causes an increase in neutrophil count, apoptosis acceleration, and lymphocyte redistribution; therefore, increased neutrophils are common in severe clinical conditions. The insignificant relationship between NLR and clinical severity might be caused by the therapeutic intervention given. The ATS/IDSA guidelines stated that culture results were positive in 4-15%. The mean NLR value in severe CAP was slightly higher than that of moderate CAP, but no significant difference was found. There was a weak correlation between culture results and the clinical severity of CAP patients.

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: What’s New Focusing on Epidemiology, Microorganisms and Diagnosis?

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

The Prevalence of Chest Infection in Patients with Heart Failure in Al-Wahadah Teaching Hospital, Dhamar, Yemen

The Prevalence of Chest Infection in Patients with Heart Failure in Al-Wahadah Teaching Hospital, Dhamar, Yemen

Resistência antimicrobiana na pneumonia adquirida na comunidade: revisão de literatura

Analysis of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Culture Results on Clinical Severity of Patients with CAP

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