Community-based adaptation in low-lying islands in the Philippines: challenges and lessons learned

Jamero, Ma. Laurice; Onuki, Motoharu; Esteban, Miguel; Tan, Nicholson

doi:10.1007/s10113-018-1332-8

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The four islands of Tubigon have very small land areas (between 1.5 hectares and 6 hectares only), with maximum elevations of about 2 meters above water (Jamero et al 2017). They are densely populated, with each island having 60-250 households who mainly engage in small-scale fishing for livelihood (Jamero et al 2018). The islands are impoverished, with the number of households with incomes below the income poverty threshold being significantly higher than the national average (Jamero et al 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this study found that the island communities of Tubigon have remained in their homes despite experiencing several typhoons since the 2013 earthquake, and a 4-month long dry spell in 2016. Rather, they have adapted by changing their evacuation behavior and by acquiring more rainwater collectors or, at worst, importing water from the mainland (Jamero et al 2018). Further, it can be argued that tidal flooding, which began immediately after earthquake-induced land subsidence, can also be considered an abrupt and extreme event.…”

Section: A Physical or Biological Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rethinking the Limits of Climate Change Adaptation

Jamero

Esteban

Chadwick

et al. 2019

ADB Economics Working Paper Series

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Physical or Biological Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the Limits of Climate Change Adaptation

Jamero

Esteban

Chadwick

et al. 2019

ADB Economics Working Paper Series

Self Cite

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“…For example, the implementation of seawalls as a protection measure in rural Pacific island communities has to be deeply questioned as they have shown to be ineffective in such contexts (Dean, Green, and Nunn 2017). While the concept of a seawall is attractive to local rural communities who believe it will successfully reduce exposure to coastal pressures (Morris et al 2018, Jamero et al 2018) this gives a false sense of hope and security when in actual fact a more appropriate response, for example relocation, might be necessary.…”

Section: Moderate Levels Of Appropriatenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reviews of CBA barriers globally in both the academic (Spires, Shackleton and Cundill 2014) there are challenges for CBA given that it inherently targets a specific local environmental and socio-political context, which makes learning lessons that can be transferable to other scales a challenge (Pelling, 2011;. This localised approach is also complicated as communities are not isolated from wider pressures such as governance, globaliation, trade, and political conflict (Jamero et al 2018;McCubbin, Smit and Pearce 2015;Moser and Ekstrom 2010). Such outside influences can not only create further pressures and vulnerabilities on communities but also influence adaptation outcomes (Kuruppu 2009 perceptions differed significantly across aspects of gender and access, which can have implications for engagement and input into community-based projects (Ensor et al 2018).…”

Section: Community-based Planned Adaptation In the Pacific Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Just as climate change impacts themselves are experienced in the context of other multiple stressors, adaptation initiatives must also account for and plan according to these (O'Brien et al 2007;McCubbin, Smit and Pearce 2015). Identifying and acknowledging these at the onset and including local community members in the process might have presented avenues through which to account for and integrate targeted objectives specifically relevant to the community, which can help in achieving more successful solutions (Jamero et al 2018). For example, in reference to the equitable distribution of opportunity and access when working with communities, a targeted equity framing that first acknowledges and then accounts for the specific nature of broader power dynamics that operate within communities is essential (Dodman and Mitlin 2013).…”

Section: The Need To Account For the Local Context And Underlying Vulmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the effectiveness of planned adaptation in rural Pacific Island communities: case studies from Fiji and Kiribati

Piggott-McKellar¹

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Rural coastal communities in Pacific Island Countries (PICs) are amongst the world's most vulnerable to climate change. This is due to a combination of both high physical exposure (from sea-level rise, increasingly intensified storm surges, tidal inundation, and coastal erosion) as well as a range of underlying social, cultural, historical, economic, and physical factors that generate and drive vulnerability. As such, a plethora of adaptation projects intended to assist such communities in reducing their vulnerability to experienced and future climate change impacts have emerged, with the Pacific Region receiving the highest per capita climate aid globally. Owing to the inadequacies of traditional top-down approaches in achieving successful outcomes for communities, projects implemented at the community level, known commonly as community-based adaptation (CBA) and seen as a bottom-up approach, have been increasingly implemented. Yet, if such projects have been effective in reducing the vulnerability of targeted groups remains equivocal owing in part to the limited (yet growing) empirical case study material.This thesis aims to better understand if community adaptation projects implemented in rural coastal communities in PICs have been successful in providing sustained outcomes and benefits, and further provide insights into how adaptation can be improved in the future. This is achieved through a review of CBA projects published in the grey literature (Chapter 2.0), and three in-depth qualitative case studies across the tripartite of adaptation responses: retreat, protect, and accommodate from communities in both Fiji and Kiribati (Chapter 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0). In total, 16 focus groups (FGs) and 41 interviews were undertaken with a total of 205 participants.First, a review of CBA grey literature is undertaken to gain a snapshot of CBA initiatives globally and explore the main barriers to adaptation success. The grey literature reviewed included reports undertaken by donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and international NGOs (INGOs). These reports hold a wealth of information on, and lessons about, CBA as these are the organisations often responsible for implementing and reporting on projects. In undertaking this review it was found that the most common barriers to adaptation success 3 were cognitive and behavioural. These barriers reveal limited interest by community members in CBA projects, as well as projects not being in line with the social and cultural views of target communities. This raises questions about the usefulness and role of CBA in reducing people's vulnerability to climate change impacts in future adaptation efforts. Further, this review detailed the need for evaluation of adaptation from the perspective of those adaptation has been implemented to assist -that of the community.Next, this thesis contributes to the dearth of in-depth case studies, especially those evaluating adaptation from community perspectives. This is achieved through providing an in-depth case study across each of the ...

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Multi‐scalar interactions between mismanaged plastic waste and urban flooding in an era of climate change and rapid urbanization

MacAfee,

Löhr

2023

WIREs Water

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Mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) and urban flooding are typically considered distinct environmental challenges. However, there are notable links between growing quantities of MPW and the rising incidence of floods in cities. A majority of people now live in cities, especially along coastlines and in estuaries where residents are both vulnerable to flooding and significant sources of plastic waste. Predicted increases in the frequency and severity of heavy rainfall associated with anthropogenic climate change coincide with rising global quantities of MPW, much of which is discharged into water bodies and the sea. Given the urgent and expanding nature of these issues, understanding impacts of urban floods on solid waste management and vice versa is crucial. Social‐ecological systems (SES) thinking calls for a holistic approach to the relationships and interactions between human actors and environmental systems which can result in dynamic and emergent outcomes. In this review paper, we make a first step towards better understanding of the interactions between urban flooding and MPW by synthesizing emerging quantitative and qualitative research on particular aspects of such interactions. More research is needed which explicitly focuses on and elaborates the nature of these interactions, and also to consider potential relations across scales (from global to local) and over both long and short timeframes. We conclude that an SES approach can make visible novel possibilities for interventions which are context specific and sensitive to the interactions between urban floods and MPW.This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change Human Water > Water Governance Engineering Water > Planning Water

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Community-based adaptation in low-lying islands in the Philippines: challenges and lessons learned

Cited by 38 publications

References 30 publications

Rethinking the Limits of Climate Change Adaptation

Rethinking the Limits of Climate Change Adaptation

Assessing the effectiveness of planned adaptation in rural Pacific Island communities: case studies from Fiji and Kiribati

Multi‐scalar interactions between mismanaged plastic waste and urban flooding in an era of climate change and rapid urbanization

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