Community-Based Aftercare and Return to Custody in a National Sample of Substance-Abusing Women Offenders

Matheson, Flora I.; Doherty, Sherri; Grant, Brian A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.300094

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This outcome is consistent with findings from numerous OMT studies that individuals with opioid dependence actively treated in OMT feature superior drug use, health, social, and crime outcomes compared to those not in treatment [13,16,42,43], as well as studies showing that male correctional populations with exposure to continuous OMT post-release had more positive outcomes, including lower recidivism [19,22,37,44]. As such, the effective initiation of and transition to community-based OMT following release can be considered an effective crime prevention and rehabilitation measure also for women in the correctional population [3,45,46]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canada, women represent approximately 5% of the federal offender population [3], but studies have indicated that women offenders are as or more likely to have substance abuse issues as men [4], and 80% of women federal offenders were identified with a substance abuse problem at the time of correctional admission [5]. A recent survey found that 60% of federal women offenders were involved in non-injection drug use, and 29% were involved in injection drug use in the 6 months prior to incarceration [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Opioid use specifically is prevalent among Canadian women offenders, with 16% reporting a pre-incarceration history of opioid injection and 6% reporting ongoing opioid injection use while incarcerated [6]. Additionally, among women offenders undergoing substance abuse treatment, 28% reported opiates and 18% reported heroin among their problematic drugs [3]. Furthermore, research has suggested that drug use patterns among women offenders commonly change following incarceration, with greater use of crack and heroin being reported prior to admissions to corrections, but more reporting benzodiazepine and prescription opioid use during incarceration [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Offenders' Post-Release Recidivism

Farrell-MacDonald¹,

MacSwain²,

Cheverie³

et al. 2014

Eur Addict Res

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Drug - including opioid - dependence is common in correctional populations, however little research exists on interventions for women offenders. Based on retrospective administrative data, we examined rates of return to custody (RTC) among three samples of Canadian federal women offenders with problematic opioid use (total n = 137): (1) a group initiated on MMT during incarceration who continued MMT post-release (MMT-C; n = 25); (2) a group initiated on MMT but who terminated treatment post-release (MMT-T; n = 67), and (3) a non-MMT control group (MMT-N; n = 45). Study groups were similar regarding socio-demographic, drug use and criminogenic indicators. Based on an unadjusted Cox proportional hazards model, the MMT-C group had a 65% lower risk of RTC than the MMT-N (reference) group (HR 0.35, CI 0.13-0.90); RTC risk was not different between the MMT-T and the reference group. Most RTCs were for technical revocations (e.g. violation of a legal condition of their release). Continuous MMT following release from corrections appears to be effective in reducing recidivism in women offenders with opioid problems; barriers to MMT in the study population should be better understood and ameliorated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Offenders' Post-Release Recidivism

Farrell-MacDonald¹,

MacSwain²,

Cheverie³

et al. 2014

Eur Addict Res

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“…4,5 However, in the few studies to date on recidivism among women, the role of health-related factors has not been examined. [6][7][8][9] We followed a cohort of women for 1 year after discharge from incarceration in a provincial corrections centre to understand factors that supported their successful reentry into society, that is, without reported reengagement in criminal activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors that support successful transition to the community among women leaving prison in British Columbia: a prospective cohort study using participatory action research

et al. 2017

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Background:In Canada, the number of women sentenced to prison has almost doubled since 1995. In British Columbia, the rate of reincarceration is 70% within 2 years. Our aim was to identify factors associated with recidivism among women in British Columbia. Methods:We prospectively followed women after discharge from provincial corrections centres in British Columbia. We defined recidivism as participation in criminal activity disclosed by participants during the year following release. To identify predictive factors, we carried out a repeated-measures analysis using a logistic mixed-effect model. Results:Four hundred women completed a baseline interview, of whom 207 completed additional interviews during the subsequent year, contributing 395 interviews in total. Factors significantly associated in univariate analysis with recidivism included not having a family doctor or dentist, depression, not having children, less than high school education, index charge of drug offense or theft under $5000, poor general health, hepatitis C treatment, poor nutritional or spiritual health, and use of cannabis or cocaine. In multivariate analysis, good nutritional health (odds ratio Interpretation: Our findings emphasize the relevance of health-related strategies as drivers of recidivism among women released from prison. Health assessment on admission followed by treatment for trauma and associated psychiatric disorders and for chronic medical and dental problems deserve consideration as priority approaches to reduce rates of reincarceration.[ Abstract ResearchResearch CMAJ OPEN E718CMAJ OPEN, 5(3)

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“…Increasing emphasis has been placed on the use of process evaluations to determine the success of fieldbased health interventions (23)(24)(25) . Process evaluation can capture variability in programme implementation in multiple community settings and be an effective set of tools for understanding why a programme succeeded or failed (26,27) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities

Cowan

Devine

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a controlled, 6-week, environmental and educational intervention to improve dietary intake and body composition, and to study the association of implementation fidelity with diet and body composition outcomes. Design: A process evaluation documented participation, dose of nutrition education delivered, participant satisfaction, fidelity and completeness of the food environment intervention implementation, and context through observations and interviews with staff and residents. Intervention sites were scored and categorized as high or low participation and implementation and compared on essential elements of the food environment and on diet and body composition outcomes. Setting: Six urban residential drug-treatment facilities in Upstate New York. Subjects: Fifty-five primarily black and white men in residential drug-treatment programmes. Results: Participants were exposed to 94 % and 69 % of the educational and environmental elements, respectively. High implementation sites were significantly more likely to provide water and 100 % juice, offer fruit or vegetable salad, offer choices of fruits and vegetables, and limit fried foods. Mixed-model analysis of covariance revealed that participants in the high participation and implementation sites reported greater reductions in total energy, percentage of energy from sweets, daily servings of fats, oils and sweets, and BMI over the intervention period. Participants in low participation and implementation sites reported greater reductions in percentage of energy from fat. Differential implementation of environmental elements limited the intervention impact. Conclusions: These findings document the contribution of changes in eating environments to facilitate dietary behaviour change in community residential substance-abuse settings.

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Community-Based Aftercare and Return to Custody in a National Sample of Substance-Abusing Women Offenders

Abstract: Aftercare is a critical component of a woman's support system after she leaves prison. Strategies that improve access to community aftercare are imperative for improving the life chances and health of these women.

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Impact of Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Offenders' Post-Release Recidivism

Impact of Methadone Maintenance Treatment on Women Offenders' Post-Release Recidivism

Factors that support successful transition to the community among women leaving prison in British Columbia: a prospective cohort study using participatory action research

Process evaluation of an environmental and educational nutrition intervention in residential drug-treatment facilities

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