“…Since those days, the University of Lapland has developed strong expertise in winter art-related research, art production, and winter art development projects where the artistic use of snow and ice has been introduced and established within the tourism industry. These activities have developed into applied visual art (Jokela et al, 2013), winter art (Jokela, 2007a(Jokela, , 2014, and further merged with community-based art (Hiltunen, 2008(Hiltunen, , 2010. Art-based action research has worked as the main methodology to produce this paradigm and applications for creative tourism (Jokela et al, 2015).…”