Community based prevention programs targeting all injuries for children: Table 1

Abstract

Objective: Community based models for injury prevention have become an accepted part of the overall injury control strategy. This systematic review of the scientific literature examines the evidence for their effectiveness in reducing all-cause injury in children 0-14 years of age. Methods: A comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the following study selection criteria: community based intervention study; children under 14 years; outcome measure was injury rates; and either a community control or an historical control was used in the design. Quality assessment and data abstraction were guided by a standardized procedure and performed independently by two authors. Data synthesis was in tabular and text form with meta-analysis not being possible due to the discrepancy in methods and measures between the studies. Results: Thorough electronic and library search techniques yielded only nine formally evaluated community based all-cause child injury prevention programs that have reported actual injury outcomes. Of these nine studies, seven provided high level evidence where contemporary control communities were used for comparison; the remaining two used a pre and post-design or time trend analysis where historical data from the community were used as the comparison. Only three of the seven studies with contemporary control communities found significant effect of the intervention; the two studies without controls noted significant reductions in injury rates after the intervention period. Conclusion: There is a paucity of research from which evidence regarding the effectiveness of community based childhood injury prevention programs can be obtained and hence a clear need to increase the effort on developing this evidence base.

Unintentional injuries in the home environment: home safety

“…Estudos da última década identificam potenciais em ações de prevenção 69 , mesmo que haja poucas evidênci-as de redução de injúrias através da utilização de meios como campanhas e doação de equipamentos de proteção [70][71][72][73] . As abordagens que reforçam a necessidade do papel ativo dos pais e responsáveis trouxeram resultados modestos na redução de injúrias 74 .…”

Prevention of childhood poisoning in the home: overview of systematic reviews and a systematic review of primary studies

“…Interventions to promote other poisoning prevention practices. Twelve reviews reported nine studies (see Table 4) evaluating interventions promoting other poisoning prevention practices (Elkan et al, 2000;Guyer et al, 2009;Kendrick, Coupland et al, 2007;Lyons et al, 2003Lyons et al, , 2006Nilsen, 2004;Nixon et al, 2004;Pearson et al, 2009;Spinks et al, 2004;Towner et al, 1996United States Preventive Services Task Force, 1996) as did a further four studies not included in any reviews (Kendrick Groom et al, 2007;Odendaal, van Niekerk, Jordaan, & Seedat, 2009;Reich et al, 2011;Swart et al, 2008). Of the 13 primary studies, one CBA study (Garcia, 1996) reported that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in poison safety scores after a school safety fair but no figures or p value were reported.…”

“…Nine reviews included seven studies (see Table 4) reporting poisonings (Elkan et al, 2000;Kendrick, Coupland et al, 2007;Nilsen, 2004;Nixon et al, 2004;Pearson et al, 2009;Spinks et al, 2004;Towner, Dowswell, Jarvis, & Simpson, 1996;United States Preventive Services Task Force, 1996). In addition, one primary study not included in any of the reviews reported poisonings (Zhao, Qiu, & Qiu, 2006).…”

As injúrias não intencionais no ambiente domiciliar: a casa segura

“…[70][71][72][73] The approaches that underscore the necessity of an active role of parents and surrogates reduced injuries moderately. 74 With less intervention capacity, exclusively explanatory and instructive measures usually do not yield effective results.…”