Community evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission through air

Lin, Guozhen; Zhang, Shiyu; Zhong, Yong; Zhang, Lin; Ai, Siqi; Li, Kuibiao; Su, Wenzhe; Cao, Lingfeng; Zhao, Yingying; Tian, Fei; Li, Jinrong; Wu, Yinglin; Guo, Chongshan; Peng, Rongfei; Wu, Xinwei; Gan, Pingsheng; Zhu, Wei; Lin, Hualiang; Zhang, Zhoubin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118083

Cited by 35 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…18 Most likely through drainage pipes in their master bathrooms, 3 families living in vertically aligned flats were infected by an identical SARS-CoV-2 strain. 19 Our measurements within the concert hall also suggest a buoyancy effect on spreading kinetics of SARS-CoV-2. One single cold trap contained SARS-CoV-2 RNA at a significant concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

SARS-CoV-2 Airborne Surveillance Using Non-Powered Cold Traps

Sg¹,

Foerderer²,

Stremmel³

2021

Preprint

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BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide challenge requiring efficient containment strategies. High-throughput SARS-CoV-2 testing and legal restrictions are not effective in order to get the current outbreak under control. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with a higher transmissibility require efficient strategies for early detection and surveillance.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in aerosols collected by non-powered cold traps. SARS-CoV-2 spreading kinetics and indoor hotspots could be identified in isolation units and at public places within a high-endemic area. These included an outpatient endoscopy facility, a concert hall, and a shopping mall.ResultsIndoor COVID-19 hotspots were found in non-ventilated areas and in zones that are predisposed to a buoyancy (chimney) effect. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in those aerosols reached concentrations of 105 copies/mL. Extensive outdoor air ventilation reliably eliminates SARS-CoV-2 aerosol contamination.ConclusionsThe method presented herein could predict SARS-CoV-2 indoor hotspots and may help to characterize SARS-CoV-2 spreading kinetics. Moreover, it can be used for the surveillance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to low costs and easy handling, the procedure might enable efficient algorithms for COVID-19 prevention and screening.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

SARS-CoV-2 Airborne Surveillance Using Non-Powered Cold Traps

Sg¹,

Foerderer²,

Stremmel³

2021

Preprint

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“…Such an interaction between air pollution and an infectious agent might not be specific to coronavirus infections but key for any infectious agent transmitted original article through the air including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 [10]. The latter allows studying that interaction as it is a novel virus hitting an immunologically naïve population thereby forestalling confounding influences from past contacts with the virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and air pollution in Vienna—a time series approach

Moshammer

Poteser

Hutter

2021

Wien Klin Wochenschr

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SummaryWe performed a time series analysis in Vienna, Austria, investigating the temporal association between daily air pollution (nitrogen dioxide, NO2 and particulate matter smaller than 10 µm, PM10) concentration and risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and death. Data covering about 2 months (March–April 2020) were retrieved from public databases. Infection risk was defined as the ratio between infected and infectious. In a separate sensitivity analysis different models were applied to estimate the number of infectious people per day. The impact of air pollution was assessed through a linear regression on the natural logarithm of infection risk. Risk of COVID-19 mortality was estimated by Poisson regression. Both pollutants were positively correlated with the risk of infection with the coefficient for NO2 being 0.032 and for PM10 0.014. That association was significant for the irritant gas (p = 0.012) but not for particles (p = 0.22). Pollutants did not affect COVID-19-related mortality. The study findings might have wider implications on an interaction between air pollution and infectious agents.

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“…The second important example is that of the Diamond Princess cruise ship, in which 712 confirmed cases were reported out of 3,711 individuals voyaging together on the ship [ 46 ]. The third example involved nine confirmed cases; an index case (had previously travelled to Wuhan, the ground zero of COVID-19) who resided in the apartment 15b, infected four other occupants in the apartments 25b and 27b in a vertically aligned housing complex in China [ 47 ].…”

Section: History Of Infectious Diseases Through the Hvac Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing COVID-19 contagion through the HVAC systems by reviewing indoor airborne nature of infectious microbes: Will an innovative air recirculation concept provide a practical solution?

Sodiq

Khan

Naas

et al. 2021

Environmental Research

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As the world continues to grapple with the reality of coronavirus disease, global research communities are racing to develop practical solutions to adjust to the new challenges. One such challenge is the control of indoor air quality in the COVID-19 era and beyond. Since COVID-19 became a global pandemic, the “super spread” of the virus has continued to amaze policymakers despite measures put in place by public health officials to sensitize the general public on the need for social distancing, personal hygiene, etc. In this work, we have reviewed the literature to demonstrate, by investigating the historical and present circumstances, that indoor spread of infectious diseases may be assisted by the conditions of the HVAC systems. While little consideration has been given to the possibility of indoor airborne transmission of the virus, the available reports have demonstrated that the virus, with average aerodynamic diameter up to 80-120 nm, is viable as aerosol in indoor atmosphere for more than 3 hours, and its spread may be assisted by the HVAC systems. Having reviewed the vulnerability of the conventional ventilation systems, we recommend innovative air circulation concept supported by the use of UVGI in combination with nanoporous air filter to combat the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other harmful microbes in enclosed spaces.

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Community evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission through air

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Airborne Surveillance Using Non-Powered Cold Traps

SARS-CoV-2 Airborne Surveillance Using Non-Powered Cold Traps

COVID-19 and air pollution in Vienna—a time series approach

Addressing COVID-19 contagion through the HVAC systems by reviewing indoor airborne nature of infectious microbes: Will an innovative air recirculation concept provide a practical solution?

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