Community Factors in the Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Larson, Elaine

doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144020

Cited by 107 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in asymptomatic Thai individuals is close to or sometimes higher than the prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in clinical isolates collected from patients in Thailand (30-48 % in 2005-2007Hawser et al, 2009;Kiratisin et al, 2008b). Lactamases belonging to CTX-M group I (20 %) and IV (77 %) were predominant among the 164 CTX-M b-lactamases identified in asymptomatic individuals; this pattern is identical to that of patient isolates in Thailand, where CTX-M-14 (group IV) and CTX-M-15 (group I) were the ESBLs mainly responsible for resistance in E. coli (Kiratisin et al, 2008a;Niumsup et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, several studies have linked the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the human population to the use of antibiotics in the farming industry (Bailar & Travers, 2002;Dutil et al, 2010;Hawkey & Jones, 2009;Larson, 2007). Recent studies have revealed an increased prevalence of ESBL-producing micro-organisms in poultry at chicken farms (Briñas et al, 2005;Yuan et al, 2009).…”

Section: -O Luvsansharav and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of risk factors for a high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in asymptomatic individuals in rural Thailand

Luvsansharav

Hirai

Niki

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The prevalence of and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing micro-organisms have not been well studied in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine this in healthy individuals in Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires obtained from 445 participants from three provinces in Thailand were analysed. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using phenotypic and genotypic methods. PCR analysis was performed to detect and group the bla CTX-M genes. The prevalence of CTX-M-type ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the three provinces was as follows: 29.3 % in Nan (43/147), 29.9 % in Nakhon Si Thammarat (43/144) and 50.6 % in Kanchanaburi (78/154) (P,0.001). Of the 445 samples, 33 (7.4 %), 1 (0.2 %) and 127 (28.5 %) isolates belonged to the bla CTX-M gene groups I, III and IV, respectively. Escherichia coli was the predominant member of the Enterobacteriaceae producing CTX-M-type ESBLs (40/43, 39/43 and 70/78 isolates in Nan, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Kanchanaburi, respectively). No statistically significant association was observed between the presence of ESBL-producing bacteria and gender, age, education, food habits or antibiotic usage. However, the provinces that had the highest prevalence of ESBLproducing Enterobacteriaceae also had the highest prevalence of use and purchase of antibiotics without a prescription. Thus, this study revealed that faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is very high in asymptomatic individuals in Thailand, with some variations among the provinces. This high prevalence may be linked to antibiotic abuse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: -O Luvsansharav and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of risk factors for a high prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in asymptomatic individuals in rural Thailand

Luvsansharav

Hirai

Niki

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Over the last decades, antibiotic overuse and misuse have largely contributed to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens by exerting a selective pressure on microorganisms present in the environment (24,38). Independent of infection control measures, carefully considered antibiotic usage has proved to be highly beneficial in reducing the emergence of resistance (23,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two simulated endocardial vegetations (total of four) were removed at 0, 4,8,24,32,48,56, and 72 h for days 0 to 3 and 0, 4, 8, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h for days 4 to 8. The SEVs were homogenized, diluted in cold normal saline, and plated onto TSA plates to allow colony counting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Dose De-Escalation and Escalation on Daptomycin's Pharmacodynamics against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in an In Vitro Model

Vidaillac

Steed

Rybak

2011

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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De-escalation and escalation therapeutic strategies are commonly employed by clinicians on the basis of susceptibility results and patient response. Since no in vitro or in vivo data are currently available to support one strategy over the other for daptomycin, we attempted to evaluate the effects of dose escalation and de-escalation on daptomycin activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates using an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model with simulated endocardial vegetations. Three clinical MRSA isolates, including one heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) isolate and one vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) isolate, were exposed to daptomycin at 10 or 6 mg/kg of body weight/day for 8 days using a starting inoculum of ϳ10 9 CFU/g of vegetations, with dose escalation and de-escalation initiated on the fourth day. Daptomycin MIC values ranged from 0.5 to 1 g/ml. In the PK/PD model, high-dose daptomycin (10 mg/kg/day) and de-escalation simulation (10 to 6 mg/kg/day) appeared to be the most efficient regimens against the three tested isolates, exhibiting the fastest bactericidal activity (4 to 8 h) compared to that of the standard regimen of 6 mg/kg/day and the escalation therapy of 6 to 10 mg/kg/day. The differences in the numbers of CFU/g observed between dose escalation and de-escalation were significant for the hVISA strain, with the de-escalation simulation exhibiting a better killing effect than the escalation simulation (P < 0.024). Although our results need to be carefully considered, the use of high-dose daptomycin up front demonstrated the most efficient activity against the tested isolates. Different therapeutic scenarios including isolates with higher MICs and prolonged drug exposures are warranted to better understand the outcomes of escalation and de-escalation strategies.

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“…This unfavorable situation is further aggravated by a shortage of new classes of antibiotics with novel modes of action that are essential to contain the spread of antibiotic -resistant pathogens (Livermore 2004 ). In fact, some infectious disease experts have expressed concerns that we are returning to the pre -antibiotic era (Larson 2007 ). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial agents to eliminate multidrug -resistant bacteria (Breithaupt 1999 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%