Community forest management and REDD+

Newton, Peter W.; Schaap, Brian; Fournier, Michelle; Cornwall, Meghan; Rosenbach, Derrick W.; DeBoer, Joel; Whittemore, Jessica; Stock, Ryan; Yoders, Mark; Brodnig, Gernot; Agrawal, Arun

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2015.03.008

Cited by 91 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…One of the larger studies of community forest management and REDD+ was conducted under the World Bank funded PROFOR initiative and published in 2014 [15]. It examined REDD+ project experiences from Nepal, Tanzania, and Bolivia, three countries with active CFM groups and networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather most other CFM REDD+ projects studied have largely been funded by donor agencies as part of REDD+ Readiness initiatives and the study's authors raise concerns that when donor funding ends, the continuity of financing remains a question. In some cases, like Nepal's Forest Carbon Trust Fund, the designers envision international payments being made to the trust fund, which would then be allocated to CFM groups and network [15]. The PROFOR study notes that many projects are based on participation and need to be better linked to performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Restoring and Conserving Khasi Forests: A Community-Based REDD Strategy from Northeast India

Poffenberger¹

2015

Forests

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An initiative to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) was launched in December 2007 at the Bali Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), yet little progress has been made in Asia in developing certified REDD projects, especially those that engage forest-dependent people. According to UNFCCC, REDD is a multilevel activity that involves both national policy and structures, as well as subnational projects involving local communities [1]. While many Asian nations are trying to create frameworks that link the national strategy to sub-national projects, in India this formal integration has yet to take place. As a consequence projects like the Khasi Hills Community REDD+ project fall outside the UNFCCC strategy and operate under voluntary standards (Plan Vivo) and markets. The project involves both avoided deforestation and reforestation components. The project is being implemented by a federation of ten Khasi tribal kingdoms, a major ethnolinguistic group in the Indian state of Meghalaya. Project experience may provide guidance regarding actions required to create a more enabling environment for community forest carbon projects in Asia. These findings may better inform the December 2015 21st UNFCCC Conference of Parties in Paris as they again address REDD strategy. The experience of this Khasi Federation [2] in designing and implementing a REDD project has led to the emergence of a modernizing forest management system that is helping to conserve and restore the Khasi's ancestral forests. Learning from this REDD project also illustrates the barriers that the Khasi communities have faced, including those imposed by national governments, certifiers, and carbon markets, that will likely constrain the expansion and replication of community-based climate initiatives. The author suggests some alternative policies and systems that may enable greater community participation in REDD projects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring and Conserving Khasi Forests: A Community-Based REDD Strategy from Northeast India

Poffenberger¹

2015

Forests

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“…Incorporating the success factors identified from research on community-based forest management (CBFM) could enhance the likelihood of success for REDD+ initiatives [35,[78][79][80][81]. However, CBFM should not be perceived as panacea.…”

Section: Loss Of Traditional Knowledge and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, external political agendas increasingly replaced the needs and interests of forest users [81]. Newton et al [78] conclude that REDD+ could make use of the natural, human, social, and institutional capital associated with CBFM sites to achieve its goals. REDD+ could moreover finance CBFM structures as well as strengthen forest-dependent communities' capacity to engage in REDD+ and conservation activities.…”

Section: Loss Of Traditional Knowledge and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten Years of REDD+: A Critical Review of the Impact of REDD+ on Forest-Dependent Communities

2016

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Abstract:The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program, or REDD+, has been the international community's first real attempt to create a global forest governance system which would impact countries on national, regional and even local scales. This paper provides an in-depth analysis on the impact of REDD+ on forest-dependent communities. The dimensions which are included in this review are institutions and governance, livelihoods, socio-cultural aspects, and the environment. Many studies confirm that forest-dependent communities are not sufficiently involved in current REDD+ projects. Furthermore, current and potential impacts of REDD+ on communities often disrupt local peoples' livelihoods and strategies, institutions and socio-cultural systems in various ways, such as unequal benefit sharing, food insecurity, introduction of new powerful stakeholders, illegal land acquisition, unfair free prior and informed consent, and the introduction of monoculture plantations. REDD+ is also perceived as a neoliberal mechanism which renegotiates peoples' relationship with the natural environment by monetizing nature. The paper concludes with a framework which addresses the potential drivers and threats of REDD+ concerning forest-dependent communities based on the literature review. This framework suggests a holistic approach to REDD+ implementation, which incorporates forest-dependent communities' often complex relationship with the natural environment, such as incorporation of traditional forest management systems and provision of viable alternatives to loss of agricultural land.

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Forestry and Environment

Bhattarai¹,

Conway

2020

Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research

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There have been growing concerns in Nepal and other South Asian less developed countries (LDCs) with the acceleration of global environment changes due to continuing increases in greenhouse gas emissions and accelerated deforestation rates. Available literature on forestry’s dilemmas reveals that, except for the extreme temperature, moisture, and nutrient deficient situations, vegetation can (a) efficiently conserve elevated atmospheric carbon; (b) use the absorbed carbon in biomass production through the process of photosynthesis; and (c) if properly managed, can help to boost gross and net primary productivity of an ecosystem while mitigating global climate change. Within Nepal, conservationists, scientists, and administrators have expressed growing concerns about the rapid deterioration of the Himalayan environment because of deforestation, landslide increases, and large-scale downstream flooding. These processes are frequently linked together into a wide-ranging cause-and-effect drama of the Himalayan Degradation. Effective management of forest resources is considered one of the solutions to ameliorating environmental and land degradations. Recent Nepal’s government statistics show that Nepal’s total forest area has increased from 29 to 44%; however, forests are constantly facing new socio-environmental pressures from the growing population and from bulldozer-based development. Further complicating this issue, the statistics on Nepal’s forests have been disputed by various scholars. Nonetheless, through a set of policies, Nepal has been actively involved in the REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation, Plus Related Pro-forest Activities) programs since 2009 involving local communities to conserve and manage existing forests and creating new forest on non-forested lands through afforestation programs. If applied effectively, the full range of REDD+ activities can turn forests from a source of global warming emissions into a counteracting “sink.” REDD+’s incentives in the form of carbon fund allocations and can act as a development catalyzer, involving many communities in greening the denuded lands of Nepal while also generating employment opportunities at local grass-root levels. Government agencies, many private organizations, religious institutions, and over 22,266 community forestry user groups have been involved in the management of Nepal’s forests, and their activities are contributing to the reduction of carbon emissions through forest conservation as well as deriving economic benefits to local communities. Though mountainous Nepal contributes merely 0.027% of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, it unwillingly exports top fertile soils along the rivers flowing down steep to very steep gradients. Sedimentation from Nepal’s Himalayan region often clogs rivers and canals along the Indo-Gangetic belt and causes massive floods in the Indian state of Bihar before draining into the Bay of Bengal. Participatory natural resource management and the ecosystem services con...

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Community forest management and REDD+

Cited by 91 publications

References 20 publications

Restoring and Conserving Khasi Forests: A Community-Based REDD Strategy from Northeast India

Restoring and Conserving Khasi Forests: A Community-Based REDD Strategy from Northeast India

Ten Years of REDD+: A Critical Review of the Impact of REDD+ on Forest-Dependent Communities

Forestry and Environment

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