Community Forestry for Livelihoods: Benefiting from Myanmar’s Mangroves

Feurer, Mélanie; Gritten, David; Than, Maung Maung

doi:10.3390/f9030150

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Community forestry schemes coupled with management plans for a sustainable use of resources arguably contribute more to conservation [65][66][67] and the provision of a holistic bundle of ES. Studies have even shown that community forests in Myanmar can also reduce disparities by contributing to the livelihoods of different subgroups within a community [68]. Inclusion of local people's perspectives is a major advantage and prerequisite for community forests.…”

Section: Outlook For Tanintharyi Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar

Feurer

Heinimann

Schneider

et al. 2019

Land

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Extensive land use changes in forest frontier landscapes are leading to trade-offs in the supply of ecosystem services (ES) with, in many cases, as yet unknown effects on human well-being. In the Tanintharyi Region of Myanmar, a forest frontier landscape facing oil palm and rubber expansion, little is known about local perspectives on ES and the direct impact of trade-offs from land use change. This study assessed the trade-offs experienced with respect to 10 locally important ES from land user perspectives using social valuation techniques. The results show that while intact forests provide the most highly valued ES bundle, the conversion to rubber plantations entails fewer negative trade-offs than that to oil palm. Rubber plantations offer income, fuelwood, a good microclimate, and even new cultural identities. By contrast, oil palm concessions have caused environmental pollution, and, most decisively, have restricted local people’s access to the respective lands. The ES water flow regulation is seen as the most critical if more forest is converted; other ES, such as non-timber forest products, can be more easily substituted. We conclude that, from local perspectives, the impact of ES trade-offs highly depends on access to land and opportunities to adapt to change.

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Section: Outlook For Tanintharyi Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar

Feurer

Heinimann

Schneider

et al. 2019

Land

Self Cite

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“…In addition, seasonal crops, fodder, fuelwood, and thetke (Cylindrical imperator) are the main forest products of plantation-type CFs in the dry zone [63]. Wood, non-timber forest products, mud crab (Scylla serrata), and nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) are also extracted from mangrove CFs in delta areas [64]. Although previous studies of forest dependency in the CFs of Myanmar have been conducted in different parts of the country, including the dry zone and delta areas (e.g., [63,64]), they have focused exclusively on forest dependency in terms of livelihood strategies [64] and participation in CF activities [63].…”

Section: Forest Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood, non-timber forest products, mud crab (Scylla serrata), and nypa palm (Nypa fruticans) are also extracted from mangrove CFs in delta areas [64]. Although previous studies of forest dependency in the CFs of Myanmar have been conducted in different parts of the country, including the dry zone and delta areas (e.g., [63,64]), they have focused exclusively on forest dependency in terms of livelihood strategies [64] and participation in CF activities [63]. For example, Feurer et al [64] reported that CF members earned higher forest income from mangrove CFs than non-CF members.…”

Section: Forest Dependencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lower limit of group size is described in the Standard Operating Procedures of community forestry in 2016; thus, a proper balance between group size and forest size is required when a CF is established. Although CF studies in Myanmar have analyzed the social and economic attributes of CF group members [63,64,73], no studies to date have focused on group size.…”

Section: Group Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Geographical Factors Trump Community Factors in Deforestation Risk in Two Watershed Conservation Forests in Myanmar

Kyaw

Ota

Mizoue

2021

Forests

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Community forestry, which is how local communities are involved in forest conservation and utilization activities, is an important forestry program in developing tropical countries. We evaluated the importance of geographical factors and community characteristics in the deforestation of community forests between 2000 and 2019 in the buffer zone of Inlay Lake Biosphere Reserve, Myanmar, using a mixed-effects logistic regression model. Distance to the nearest village, slope, and distance to the community forestry boundary were the most important variables explaining deforestation in community forests. Forests closer to human settlements and with gentle slopes faced higher risks of deforestation, presumably because such forests are more accessible. In addition, forests located far from the boundaries of community forests were more vulnerable to deforestation. Community characteristics were less important compared with geographical factors. Leadership was the most important variable among community characteristics, although not statistically significant. We conclude that deforestation depends more on forest accessibility. This indicates that the locations at which new community forests are established should receive increased consideration.

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“…Issues about livelihoods and poverty in affected areas are mentioned in the EU FLEGT Action Plan. e challenge to overcome this issue is to ensure that actions to deal with illegal logging, especially increasing law enforcement [39]. On the other hand, let the players of illegal logging influence without being touched by the law [40].…”

Section: Effect Of Vpamentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Implementation Impact of the EU-Indonesia’s VPA on SME Livelihood

Setiahadi

Sari

Maryudi

et al. 2020

International Journal of Forestry Research

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The Europe Union (E.U.) has agreed to grant the Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT) license to Indonesia as the first country in the world to receive it. FLEGT VPA (Voluntary Partnership Agreement) is a bilateral agreement between the European Union (E.U.) and wood exporting countries, to improve forest governance sector and ensure that timber and wood products imported into the E.U. are produced by the laws and regulation of partner countries. The Indonesian government has obliged to implement Article 12 relating to social safeguards. Indonesia has to periodically monitor to see the extent to which the VPA has an environmental and social impact that affect the lives and welfare of vulnerable and marginalised groups. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the effect of implementation of the Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK) as part of VPA in the small and medium forestry industry sector. Methodology survey with focus group discussions, structured interviews, and semistructured interviews to find out the response and opinion of SME’s owner and employee addressed the effect of SVLK in East Java and Central Java, Indonesia. The theory of change (ToC) was used to consider the implications of SVLK implementation on the sustainable livelihood of small and medium enterprises (SME’s). The results of this study showed that SVLK had a more significant impact on livelihoods, as follows. First, the vulnerable and marginalised groups need to be supported by stakeholders to encourage readiness in faces of SVLK impact. Second, SVLK is susceptible to the effects and at risk of losing livelihoods for women and disabled groups in a short time. This group includes vulnerable groups of aspects of adaptability and sensitivity to the effect. Third, SME’s worker groups who do not have a labour organisation are sensitive to the impact on the workplace company. This group is classified as a group that is quite vulnerable if the effect lasts long enough and on a large scale of impact.

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Community Forestry for Livelihoods: Benefiting from Myanmar’s Mangroves

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar

Local Perspectives on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs in a Forest Frontier Landscape in Myanmar

Geographical Factors Trump Community Factors in Deforestation Risk in Two Watershed Conservation Forests in Myanmar

Monitoring Implementation Impact of the EU-Indonesia’s VPA on SME Livelihood

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