Community Gardens, Ghetto Pastoral, and Environmental Justice

Emmett, Robert S.

doi:10.1093/isle/isq127

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Community gardening in the USA can be seen as a socialistic enterprise reflecting communitarian values. The social context in which USA community gardens have developed is arguably different to other countries (Ganapati, 2008;Emmett, 2011). For example, agribusiness dominates food production in the USA influencing how and why community gardens are established (Pollan, 2007).…”

Section: Current Research Reflects Usa Socio-political Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research

Guitart

Pickering

Byrne

2012

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

435

295

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Globally, rapid urbanization has substantially reduced the amount of viable agricultural land a food security issue. Food security is bringing a renewed scholarly interest in community gardens. This paper reviews the extent of English academic literature on community gardens, including: who has undertaken the research, where it has been published, the geographical location of the gardens studied, and the various methods used to undertake the research. The characteristics of the community gardens are summarised, including what types of plants are grown, who is involved in the gardens, and who owns the land. The motivations, benefits and limitations of community gardening are also examined. Finally, potential directions for research into community gardens are highlighted. Academic literature on community gardens is dominated by studies investigating gardens in low income areas with diverse cultural backgrounds. Research based in cities in the USA also dominates the literature. Scholars from a wide diversity of disciplines have examined community gardens but research is mostly concentrated in the social sciences. The natural sciences are notably underrepresented, yet they have much to offer including assessing gardening practices to better understand the agro-biodiversity conservation potential of community gardens.

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Section: Current Research Reflects Usa Socio-political Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research

Guitart

Pickering

Byrne

2012

Urban Forestry & Urban Greening

435

295

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“…Urban food growing activity elsewhere is used directly as a means by communities to claim rights to land, within the prevailing political context of the day, with community gardens emerging in parallel to environmental justice activism in neighbourhoods where communities were not included in mainstream politics [36]. This is testament to how Certomà and Tornaghi [35] describe urban gardening as 'heterogeneous and fragmented' with dynamic governance arrangements and decision-making processes.…”

Section: Community Food Growing (Cfg): a Socio-political Activity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Food Growing in Parks? Assessing the Acceptability and Feasibility in Sheffield, UK

Nam

Dempsey

2018

Sustainability

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Urbanisation brings with it increased pressure on land and land uses, particularly green spaces. There has been considerable interest in community food growing in green spaces as part of a wide trend for gardening in the UK, which has been found to bring social, health, and well-being benefits. Such activity tends to take place in community-managed gardens and allotments. In light of the context of austerity within which local authority parks departments currently operate, this study tested the acceptability and feasibility of parks as a potential urban setting for Community Food Growing (CFG) in Sheffield, UK. Employing a combination of resident questionnaires and interviews with community groups and professionals, the study results showed localised differences in the acceptability and feasibility of CFG. Residents' propensity to want to get involved in CFG differed by age and household composition, which, if acted on across the city, could significantly change the demographic make-up of parks-based community groups in the city. Barriers to CFG in parks were described by community groups and park managers as security and vandalism, need for resources, and undue pressure on the local authority as land-owner. We discuss the emergent questions around who is best placed to manage urban parks, particularly when the public sector is subject to stringent austerity budget measures. The paper concludes with commentary and recommendations about the importance of governance arrangements if CFG is to be included as part of the activities supported and managed in urban parks.

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“…Urban gardening initiatives are often regarded as positively influencing the environmental and social quality of city space and people’s life (Tornaghi, 2014) as they are intended for education, leisure and socialization (Wekerle et al, 2009), for contrasting food insecurity (McClintock, 2008; Milbourne, 2012; Pinkerton and Hopkins, 2009) and social disadvantages (Agyeman and Erickson, 2012; Emmett, 2011; Schmelzkopf, 1995), for community-building (Beckie and Bogdan, 2010; Been and Voicu, 2006) and health promotion (Barker, 2000; Wakefield et al, 2007), for involving marginalized social groups (Flachs, 2010; Tracey, 2007) and for advancing environmental commitment (Certomà, 2011; Hou et al, 2009; Miller, 2005). Building upon shared ideals, gardeners often establish links with other informal planning initiatives, including alternative economic networks (Kurtz, 2001), transient cities or urban green renovation programmes (Pagano and Bowman, 2000) or projects for accessibility of disadvantaged people (Ferris et al, 2001).…”

Section: The Current Interpretation Of Urban Gardening In Neoliberal mentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal planning in a transactive governmentality. Re-reading planning practices through Ghent’s community gardens

Certomà

Notteboom

2016

Planning Theory

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This article addresses a new mode of planning that involves a collaboration between State, private and community actors in the context of growing urban gardening movements. It questions the view of urban gardening as a manifestation of citizens’ dissensus towards administration’s institutional planning, and the expression of urban ‘counterplanning’ whose aim is to resist the consequences of a neoliberal governmentality. Although this interpretation of urban gardening is to a certain extent true, it does not completely explain some current developments in socio-spatial planning practices. In order to fill this gap, the article advances a theoretical analysis of the emerging governmentality generated by an intensified relationship between institutional, private and community actors. The theoretical analysis is complemented by the example of representative urban gardening projects in Ghent, a dynamic and inspiring mid-size city in Belgium, providing an ideal context for exploring the transformation of planning practices and their socio-political underpinnings. The article concludes that urban gardening practices exemplify an emerging informal mode of planning supported by a new transactive governmentality, which may lead to a co-creative transformation of public urban space.

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Community Gardens, Ghetto Pastoral, and Environmental Justice

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research

Past results and future directions in urban community gardens research

Community Food Growing in Parks? Assessing the Acceptability and Feasibility in Sheffield, UK

Informal planning in a transactive governmentality. Re-reading planning practices through Ghent’s community gardens

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