“…Studies have suggested that intimate partner violence is positively associated with factors such as age (Millett, Seay, & Kohl, 2015;Walker, Bowen, & Brown, 2013), residency (Tang & Lai, 2008), marital duration (Babu & Kar, 2010), education (Shorey, Tirone, & Stuart, 2014;VanderEnde, Yount, Dynes, & Sibley, 2012), occupation (Heath, 2012;Krishnan et al, 2010), economic status (Hines, 2007;Koenig, Stephenson, Ahmed, Jejeebhoy, & Campbell, 2006), problem alcohol use (Chang, Shen, & Takeuchi, 2009;Jewkes, Levin, & Penn-Kekana, 2002), traditional ideas (Lichter & McCloskey, 2004;Taylor, Nair, & Braham, 2013), gender inequity (Gomez, Speizer, & Moracco, 2011), liberal ideas on woman's role (Jewkes et al, 2002), culture (Wendt, 2009), witnessing parental violence in childhood (Abrahams, Jewkes, Laubsher, & Hoffman, 2006;Speizer, 2010) and attitude toward IPV (Fincham, Cui, Braithwaite, & Pasley, 2008;Stith, Smith, Penn, Ward, & Tritt, 2004).…”