Community-level social capital and cognitive decline after a natural disaster: A natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

Hikichi, Hiroyuki; Aida, Jun; Matsuyama, Yusuke; Tsuboya, Toru; Kondo, Katsunori; Kawachi, Ichiro

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.057

Cited by 68 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While this association was found among China, India, Russia, and Ghana, surprisingly, our study found that community participation was not associated with higher levels of cognitive function in South Africa. This findings were in contrast to past findings from high‐income countries and other LMICs . The unexpected findings may in part be explained by the various mechanisms including historically social exclusion and racial segregation, all of which warrant further exploration in future studies.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Lastly, consistent with previous findings from high‐income countries, we found community participation was associated with higher level of cognitive function . It is possible that by encouraging more social participation within the neighborhood, the active ingredient of “doing” could prevent cognitive decline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…First, because the data are cross‐sectional, we were not able to explore the causal effect of neighborhood social capital on cognitive function. The literature on neighborhood social capital and cognitive function from high‐income countries took the advantage of longitudinal data to test the causal inference . The discrepancy of findings may partially be explained by our use of level of cognitive function rather than cognition decline to study social capital as a protective factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structural social capital plays a strong role in determining the social ties and social participation among older adults, which can influence cognitive function and psychological wellbeing . A rich body of research has found that structural aspects of neighborhood‐based social capital, such as community participation and social activity, are positively associated with cognitive function among older adults . These studies document that communities endowed with higher stocks of social capital are better equipped to preserve higher cognitive function among older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…13,14 Existing literature suggests that health is better predicted by individual-level social capital variables rather than those measured at a collective level. [14][15][16][17] In this study, we focus on examining social capital from an individual level, mainly due to the large variation in individuals' involvements in social capital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives This study aims to investigate which neighborhood‐based social capital components are associated with a higher level of cognitive function in LMICs. Methods This international population‐based study used cross‐sectional survey data from the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, the Russian Federation, and South Africa from 2007 through 2010 (N = 29 528). Associations between neighborhood‐based social capital indicators (trust in neighbors, perceived neighborhood safety, and community participation) and cognitive function were examined using ordinary least squares regressions and random‐effects meta‐analyses. Results Results of the meta‐analyses of within‐country effects indicated that trust in neighbors were positively associated with cognitive function across India, Russia, and Ghana, but negatively associated in South Africa (β = −0.041, SE = .013, P < .01) and no effect in China (P > .05). The significant effect of perceived neighborhood safety was only found in South Africa (β = 0.051, SE = .007, P < .001) and China (β = 0.030, SE = .005, P < .001). Community participation approached a null effect in South Africa (P > .05). Discussion Different indicators of neighborhood‐based social capital, which are well‐established protective resources for cognitive function, may have varied relationships with cognitive function cross‐nationally. This finding provides a better understanding of the mechanisms by which neighborhood social capital may contribute to better cognitive function in LMICs than high‐income countries, potentially due to differences in neighborhood environments, health systems, and availability of public resources.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Jiang

Lü

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Evaluation of Trust Within a Community After Survivor Relocation Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Trust is a core component of social cohesion, facilitating cooperation and collective action in the face of adversity and enabling survivors to remain resilient. Residential stability is an important prerequisite of developing trusting relations among community members. However, little is known about whether the movement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) after a disaster might change community relations. OBJECTIVE We explored perceived changes in trust within 1 community directly impacted by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study examined survey data from 3594 residents of Iwanuma City, Japan, aged 65 years or older. Data were obtained from the Iwanuma Study-part of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a nationwide cohort study established in 2010-approximately 7 months before the disaster. All Iwanuma City residents age 65 years or older (8576 residents) were eligible to participate in 2010. The response rate was 59.0% (5058 residents). A follow-up survey was conducted in 2013, approximately 2.5 years after the disaster. Of the 4380 remaining participants who answered the baseline survey, 3594 were recontacted (follow-up rate, 82.1%). Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2019, to January 9, 2020. EXPOSURES The number of temporarily relocated Iwanuma City survivors within 100 m and 250 m of a nonrelocated resident's home address. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Perceived changes in particularized trust (ie, trusting people from the same community) and generalized trust (trusting people from other communities) measured on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Among 3250 nonrelocated residents (1808 [55.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 76.5 [6.2] years) of Iwanuma City included in the analytic sample, multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses found that each standard deviation increase in the influx of internally displaced persons (1 SD = 11 IDPs) within 250 m of a resident's home address was associated with higher odds of a decrease in the resident's particularized and generalized trust (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The influx of IDPs in the host community appeared to be associated with an erosion of trust among locals. To avoid the erosion of social cohesion after a disaster, it may be crucial to provide opportunities for social interaction between old and new residents of communities.

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Association between socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning among older adults in Ghana

Nutakor

Dai

Zhou

et al. 2020

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: Extensive analysis of the associations between socioeconomic status and cognition has been conducted among older adults. However, it is not clear whether associations in high-income countries are similar in low-and middle-income countries. This research aims to investigate the association between the socioeconomic status of older adults in Ghana and their cognitive function by using a sample of older adults that is nationally representative. Methods: Data were obtained from a sample of older Ghanaian adults (50+) from the Study of Global AGEing and Adult Health Wave 1 (n = 3710) of the World Health Organization. Objectively, cognition was measured by verbal recall, verbal fluency, forward digit span, and backward digit span, while variations in cognition overall were evaluated against socioeconomic factors using linear regression. Results: Older age, older women, rural life, increasing memory difficulty, and being diagnosed with stroke were the most significant determinants of impaired cognitive function. Higher education and higher income were significantly associated with a better cognitive function than those with no formal education and low income. Conclusions: These results provide new evidence for public health programs in Ghana and other low-and middle-income countries to tackle cognitive impairments in growing populations.

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Community-level social capital and cognitive decline after a natural disaster: A natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health

Evaluation of Trust Within a Community After Survivor Relocation Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami

Association between socioeconomic status and cognitive functioning among older adults in Ghana

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