Community nutrition in Spain: advances and drawbacks

Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier; Lobo, Félix; Viedma, Maria del Pilar Martinez; Salvador-Castell, Gemma; Victoria, Emilio Martínez de; Ortega, Rosa M.; Bello, Luis; Tur, Josep A.

doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00176.x

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This strategy is only effective when combined with exercise, and consequently, the solution to reduce the tendency to overweight and obesity is eating less but spending more time doing moderate exercise. The lack of results is probably a consequence of health interventions which are mainly focused on the nutritional ambit, whereas there are only recommendations, not direct actions, promoting physical activity on a regular basis [45,46]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption, Body Composition and Physical Activity Levels in 11- to 13-Year-Old Spanish Children

Córdova

Villa²,

Sureda³

et al. 2013

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background/Aims: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood is increasing markedly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, energy consumption and weight status in a cohort of Spanish children. Methods: A total of 137 children (11-13 years old) participated in the study voluntarily (with paternal consent). Children were classified into 3 groups according to their physical activity, i.e. sedentary, active and sporty groups. Body composition measures, physical fitness and total caloric and macronutrient intake were determined. Results: Weight, body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness measures and body fat percentage of children were lower in the active children, whereas body water content increased with activity. Nutritional habits were similar in the 3 studied groups. No significant differences in total energy intake or percentage of carbohydrates, fat and proteins were found. All parameters related to caloric expenditure were higher in children carrying out more physical activity. Conclusions: Children with higher levels of physical activity presented more favorable anthropometric profiles, but there were no differences in respect to their dietary habits. An increase in weekly energy expenditure through physical activity outside school seems essential to prevent overweight and the risk of childhood obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Consumption, Body Composition and Physical Activity Levels in 11- to 13-Year-Old Spanish Children

Córdova

Villa²,

Sureda³

et al. 2013

Ann Nutr Metab

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show abstract

“…The Ministry of Health and the Food and Drink Industry Federation enacted the Spanish Self‐Regulating Code for Food Advertising Aimed at Children (PAOS) to reduce the prevalence of obesity (Aranceta et al , 2009). PAOS ensures that advertisements are not misleading or frightening children (Romero‐Fernández et al , 2010), or induce them to purchase, nor encourage them to ask an adult to purchase it; and it cannot use parents, children's heroes, or authority figures to endorse the product (Aranceta et al , 2009). Food may not be advertised in conjunction with television programs aimed at children under 12, and must be clearly separated from television programs (Aranceta et al , 2009; Romero‐Fernández et al , 2010).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAOS ensures that advertisements are not misleading or frightening children (Romero‐Fernández et al , 2010), or induce them to purchase, nor encourage them to ask an adult to purchase it; and it cannot use parents, children's heroes, or authority figures to endorse the product (Aranceta et al , 2009). Food may not be advertised in conjunction with television programs aimed at children under 12, and must be clearly separated from television programs (Aranceta et al , 2009; Romero‐Fernández et al , 2010). Any promotion used in the advertisement should be fully understood by the children targeted (Aranceta et al , 2009).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Food may not be advertised in conjunction with television programs aimed at children under 12, and must be clearly separated from television programs (Aranceta et al , 2009; Romero‐Fernández et al , 2010). Any promotion used in the advertisement should be fully understood by the children targeted (Aranceta et al , 2009).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly to French law, products cannot present themselves as meal substitutes, and the importance of a balanced diet should not be discredited; food advertising should not promote unhealthy lifestyles that involves eating or drinking excessively, and it should not promote a sedentary lifestyle (Aranceta et al , 2009). Companies that signed the Code can be fined up to €180,000 for noncompliance (Aranceta et al , 2009; Romero‐Fernández et al , 2010).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online marketing of food products to children: the effects of national consumer policies in high‐income countries

Lascu

Manrai

et al. 2013

Young Consumers

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PurposeThe marketing of food products to children through online media has grown rapidly in recent years, particularly in high‐income countries, where children spend considerable amounts of time on computers. Most food products marketed to children online are obesity‐causing, and childhood obesity has grown to epidemic proportions, with harmful effects on society. Marketers use creative methods to engage children online, entertaining them, offering rewards and promoting products through interactive activities. Online media is monitored much less than conventional media and little is known about online marketing of food to children. This study seeks to examine policies related to food marketing in three high‐income countries, France, Spain, and the USA, and their impact on the methods marketers use to engage children.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a conceptual framework linking several aspects of the policies and the socio‐cultural environments in these countries with the design of the food companies' web sites. Six hypotheses are advanced based on this framework and tested using content analysis.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate that there are significant differences in online marketing of food products to children in the three countries studied in the authors' research, France, Spain, and the USA, and these differences are largely attributable to these countries' policies. The web sites of French food companies placed greater emphasis on nutrition‐related and interactions‐related features compared to the web sites of US and Spanish food companies. On the other hand, the web sites of US and Spanish food companies placed greater emphasis on games‐related, rewards‐related, attributes‐related, and brand‐related features compared to the web sites of French food companies. These differences in the web sites were conceptualized to result from the differences in the socio‐cultural and policy/regulatory environments of the three countries.Originality/valueThe study provides several useful insights related to understanding of consumer behavior, consumer policy, and design of food companies' web sites in the three countries. The design of food companies' web sites in terms of their emphasis on different categories of features reflects the companies' understanding of consumers in the respective country and government policy and enforcement of online communications. The article provides a conceptual framework that identifies six factors hypothesized to influence the design of food companies' web sites, three related to the socio‐cultural environment, namely attitudes toward health and nutrition, food and nutrition communication, and brand building, and three related to the policy/regulatory environment, namely, government regulatory agencies, self‐regulation by companies, and enforcement and compliance.

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Bioactive compounds in legumes: pronutritive and antinutritive actions. Implications for nutrition and health

et al. 2012

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Community nutrition in Spain: advances and drawbacks

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Energy Consumption, Body Composition and Physical Activity Levels in 11- to 13-Year-Old Spanish Children

Energy Consumption, Body Composition and Physical Activity Levels in 11- to 13-Year-Old Spanish Children

Online marketing of food products to children: the effects of national consumer policies in high‐income countries

Bioactive compounds in legumes: pronutritive and antinutritive actions. Implications for nutrition and health

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