Community outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in La Ribera region of Valencia, Spain: Public Health measures

Roth-Damas, Patricia; Sempere-Manuel, Mara; Mialaret-Lahiguera, Ana; Fernández-García, Carmen; Gil-Tomás, Jesús J.; Colomina-Rodríguez, Javier; Palop-Larrea, Vicente

doi:10.1016/j.eimce.2017.04.010

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Recent data about seropositivity rate of L. infantum in dogs in the East of Spain confirms that detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was higher compared to the rest of the pathogens analyzed including Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi and Dirofilaria immitis in this region (Miró et al, 2013). Human leishmaniasis has also been detected in the Valencia region and a recent outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis was described (Roth-Damas et al, 2017). In this sense, One Health context confirms the endemic nature and the high prevalence of the infection in the European Mediterranean regions and the potential possibility to detect the presence of L. infantum infection in other animals living in the same geographical area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

First report on natural infection with Leishmania infantum in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Spain

Giner

Basurco

Alcover

et al. 2020

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

First report on natural infection with Leishmania infantum in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Spain

Giner

Basurco

Alcover

et al. 2020

Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports

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“…Dogs were suspected to be the main reservoir of the outbreak but without solid evidence. The only risk factors involved seemed to outdoor activities such as hunting, or the presence of dogs or landfills [57]. Large civilian outbreaks have also been reported in displaced populations, therefore associated with very different causes [58].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among military personnel in French Guiana, 2020: Clinical, phylogenetic, individual and environmental aspects

et al. 2021

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Background Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in French Guiana but cases are usually sporadic. An outbreak signal was issued on May 15th 2020 with 15 suspected cases after a military training course in the rainforest. An outbreak investigation was carried out. Methodology/Principal findings Thirty cases were confirmed. Leishmania guyanensis was the most frequent species (90%). The most frequent presentation was ulcerative (90%). Lesions on the face and hands were frequent (40% each). Eight cases (26%) presented a poor outcome after treatment with pentamidine and required a second line with amphotericin B. Three of them required further treatments with meglumine antimoniate or miltefosine. Two spots within the training area were deemed as likely sites of contamination, due to illegal logging. The isolated Leishmania strains did not form a separate cluster. Participation in Week 13 of year 2020 was associated with infection (OR = 4.59 [1.10–19.83]; p = 0.016) while undergoing only the “Fighting” exercise was protective (OR = 0.1 [0–0.74]; p = 0.021). There was no association between infection and other risk factors at the individual level. The attack rate of Regiment B (14/105 = 13.3%) was significantly higher (OR = 4.22 [1.84–9.53], p = 0.0001) compared to Regiment A (16/507 = 3.2%). The attack rate during this training course (30/858 = 3.5%) was significantly higher (OR 2.29 [1.28–4.13]; p = 0.002) than for other missions in French Guiana during the same period (22/1427 = 1.5%). Conclusions This outbreak could be explained by a combination of factors: climatic conditions around week 13, at-risk activities including night trainings, absence of impregnation, a lesser experience of rainforest duties in Regiment B and illegal logging attracting sandflies on military training grounds.

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“…Blood samples were collected from September 2019 to February 2021 from 102 ferrets in different towns of the Province of Valencia (39° 99 28′12.864″ N, 0° 22′36.48″ W), an area on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula with a high incidence of canine leishmaniosis (50–100/1000 dogs/year) [ 20 , 21 ]. Based on epidemiological studies, 17.1% of dogs are seropositive in the Community of Valencia in Spain [ 21 , 22 ]. However, the presence of human cutaneous leishmaniosis outbreak has also been detected in the Valencia region [ 22 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on epidemiological studies, 17.1% of dogs are seropositive in the Community of Valencia in Spain [ 21 , 22 ]. However, the presence of human cutaneous leishmaniosis outbreak has also been detected in the Valencia region [ 22 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First epidemiological survey of Leishmania infantum in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in a canine leishmaniosis endemic area using serology and PCR

et al. 2022

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Background Leishmaniosis, a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania infantum, is one of the most important parasitic zoonoses in Europe. The transmission cycle of leishmaniosis is maintained by both domestic and wild animals. However, few data are available on the role of wild mammals in transmitting the parasite in the European Mediterranean basin. As feline leishmaniosis, diagnosis of the infection in ferrets can be a challenge, the use of different serological and molecular methods combined is a recommended approach. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of infection of L. infantum in apparently healthy domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) in an endemic region of Spain (Community of Valencia), using serological and molecular methods and to evaluate the results comparing the different techniques. Methods The prevalence of Leishmania infection was studied in domestic ferrets. Blood was collected from each animal for serology and molecular analysis. Two serological methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot (WB), were used for the detection of L. infantum antibodies, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for the detection of L. infantum DNA. Results Blood samples from 102 apparently healthy ferrets were analyzed. In the serological study, 25.5% of the animals tested positive by western blot, and 9.0% by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The seroprevalence of L. infantum infection, based on a positive result in any serological test, was 28.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.6–S37.9%). No kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) was detected by qPCR in peripheral blood samples from the ferrets tested. Conclusions The immunological response revealed by these tests indicates that the ferrets are exposed to repeated inoculations with the endemic parasite L. infantum. Although the low population of domestic ferrets means their reservoir potential is limited in the absence of a primary host, it would be of interest to carry out further studies using xenodiagnosis to determine whether they are accidental or reservoir host species capable of spreading infection. Graphical Abstract

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Community outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in La Ribera region of Valencia, Spain: Public Health measures

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

First report on natural infection with Leishmania infantum in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Spain

First report on natural infection with Leishmania infantum in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Spain

Outbreak of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis among military personnel in French Guiana, 2020: Clinical, phylogenetic, individual and environmental aspects

First epidemiological survey of Leishmania infantum in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in a canine leishmaniosis endemic area using serology and PCR

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