Community Pharmacists’ Awareness toward Their Roles in Healthcare and Interaction with General Practitioners

Abstract

Introduction: There is a paucity of data on the extended role of community pharmacists (CP) in Malaysia. This study is aimed to evaluate CPs awareness toward their roles in healthcare and interaction with general practitioners (GPs). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design using a validated questionnaire was conducted nationwide among randomly selected Malaysian CPs. The questionnaire consisted of consisted of 32 questions with three sections. The Cronbach's alpha measure for the scale on awareness was 0.494 and 0.724 for the interaction between CPs and GPs. Descriptive statistics were reported. The Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and post hoc analyses were applied at the alpha level of 0.05. Results: Of the 127 CPs who filled out the responses, 57.5% (n = 73) mentioned that they rarely or never interacted with GPs. Many CPs (n = 106, 83.5%) were aware of their role in providing patient education, and 109 (85.8%) indicated that they could suggest nonprescription medicines to patients, whereas 88 respondents (69.3%) were aware that they could suggest alternative medicines. A total of 117 respondents (92.1%) indicated their willingness to perform selected screening tests and identify and prevent prescription errors. A considerable number of CPs (n = 76, 59.8%) were aware of their ability to design and regulate prescribed regimens, and 89 (70.1%) showed their willingness to monitor these regimens. The total average score of the CPs’ awareness toward their roles in providing healthcare for the 16 activities/items and the value of the interaction mean score was 12.00 (±2.92), with a median score of 12.00 (interquartile range: 9.5–14.5). Conclusions: Malaysian CPs are fully aware of their role in providing healthcare and pharmaceutical care. Though the majority of them were willing to provide extended services, they are often unable to perform these roles due to the lack of interprofessional collaboration, lack of time, and absence of remuneration for their extended services. Training programs, practice guidelines, and professional service fee may encourage CPs to perform more extended services.

Attitudes, awareness, and perceptions of general public and pharmacists toward the extended community pharmacy services and drive-thru pharmacy services: a systematic review

“…Contacting physicians by community pharmacists to minimize medications errors and improve health-related outcomes was noted in UAE [54]. The awareness toward interaction between community pharmacists and general practitioners (GPs) was noted in Malaysia, but the practice of such service was suboptimal [68]. To solve this malpractice, teaching programs at universities for undergraduates will improve the interactions between pharmacists and GPs [93].…”

“…The included studies are presented in Additional file 1, which shows pharmacists' awareness, perceptions, or attitudes toward various extended pharmacy services and drive-thru service at community setting including: extended role services [35], pharmaceutical care services [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], over-the-counter pharmaceutical services [45,46], health promotion and health education [47], public health activities [48,49], value-added services [50], minor aliment services [51], medication reconciliation [52], professional services [53,54], services for people with mental disorders [55][56][57], lifestyle assistance services for people with cardiovascular diseases [58], anticoagulation management services [59], services for geriatrics [60], osteoporosis assessment screening [61], back pain management services [62], Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Services [63], emergency contraception services [64], clinical services [65], intermediate care services [66,67], interactions with general practitioners [68], oral health services [69,70] [71,72], travel medicine services [73], smoking cessation counselling [74,<...…”

“…In Jordan (2019), there was poor awareness and practice toward medication reconciliation service in community pharmacies by pharmacists [52]. In Malaysia (2021), interactions between community pharmacists and general practitioners were suboptimal, and more training programs are needed to improve such services [68]. In Turkey (2012), community pharmacists perceived themselves as serving in a clinical consultancy role and advising on drug therapy [65].…”