Community pharmacy role in children’s health in England: Experiences and opinions of parents and young people

Rashed, Asia N; Mohamud, Nadiya; Lam, Alexander; Hamadallah, Hanaa; Terry, David; Tomlin, Stephen

doi:10.1111/hsc.13786

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The issue of privacy is consistently reported in the literature as a barrier to engagement with CPs [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][44][45][46][47][50][51][52]. In this study, independent pharmacies were viewed most favorably, whereas supermarket pharmacies were rated poorly for privacy.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…However, each of the sub-scales was highly correlated with each other, in the expected direction (i.e., all statistically significant strong positive correlations) which provides good initial support for its construct validity. The PubPharmQ findings relating to the awareness of the role of community pharmacy in public health, their expertise for this role, views about privacy, and the relationships in place were also largely supported by previous qualitative and quantitative research in this area [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][44][45][46][47] Predictive validity is the ability of a questionnaire to predict an outcome variable based on the correlation between the scales and a future outcome. Testing predictive validity was beyond the scope of this study; however, it is expected that higher scores on the four sub-scales of the PubPharmQ should predict more frequent pharmacy use for public-health services.…”

Section: Validitymentioning

confidence: 64%

“…For example, supermarket pharmacies (i.e., pharmacies owned by or located within a supermarket) were viewed less favorably than the smaller pharmacies, which were perceived as being less commercially driven [16]. This view was supported by Saramunee and colleagues' findings that a pharmacy near home or a doctor's surgery and long opening hours were preferred for the provision of public-health services [17] Since then, further research has focused on the public's response to the role of community pharmacy in specific areas of public-health such as diabetes prevention, health and wellbeing, the COVID-19 pandemic and children's health interventions [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Public Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacy in Public Health (PubPharmQ)

James,

Rapado,

Brown

et al. 2023

Pharmacy

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Background: Community pharmacies are well placed to provide public-health interventions within primary care settings. This study aimed to establish the general public’s perceptions of community pharmacy-based public-health services in the UK by designing a structured questionnaire to assess the barriers and facilitators to optimizing this role. Methods: A standardized questionnaire was developed informed by the literature, additional semi-structured interviews, and synthesis of key findings with the authors’ previous research based on data generated from eight focus groups. The original 42-item questionnaire was distributed online from May to June 2021 via social media platforms to capture the views of non-regular pharmacy users. Following exploratory factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha analysis, total Likert scale response scores were calculated. Results: Of the 306 responders, 76.8% were female with a mean age of 34.5 years (SD = 15.09). The most prevalent pharmacy use reported was 1–2 times a year (28.1%). Exploratory factor analysis revealed four scales: Expertise, Role in Public Health, Privacy, and Relationship (18 items) with acceptable internal consistency and good face and content validity. Awareness of well-established pharmacy services was high; however, responders demonstrated poor awareness of public-health-related services and low recognition of pharmacy expertise for this role. A lack of an established relationship with community pharmacies and privacy concerns were also perceived barriers. Conclusions: Based on these findings, considerable effort is needed to increase public awareness and address these concerns if strategic plans to utilize community pharmacy in the delivery of public-health policy are to be successful. The PubPharmQ provides a novel, structured questionnaire to measure the public’s perceptions of community pharmacy’s role in public health.

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Section: Discussion Of Findingsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Validitymentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Public Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacy in Public Health (PubPharmQ)

James,

Rapado,

Brown

et al. 2023

Pharmacy

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Access to primary care for children and young people (CYP) in the UK: a scoping review of CYP’s, caregivers’ and healthcare professionals’ views and experiences of facilitators and barriers

Herlitz,

Ashford,

Powell

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo examine children and young people’s (CYP), caregivers’ and healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) views or experiences of facilitators and barriers to CYP access to UK primary care services to better understand healthcare inequity. To explore differences across CYP subpopulations with greater health needs from deprived areas, identifying as ethnic minorities, with experiences of state care, special educational needs or disabilities, chronic conditions or mental health problems.DesignScoping review.Eligibility criteriaIncluded studies were in English, published 2012–2022 and reported: the views/experiences of CYP (0–25 years), caregivers or HCPs about accessing UK primary care; using quantitative or qualitative empirical methods.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus.ResultsWe included 47 reports (46 studies). CYP/caregivers’ decision to access care was facilitated by CYP/caregivers’ or their family/friends’ ability to identify a health issue as warranting healthcare attention. Barriers to accessing care included perceived stigma (eg, being seen as a bad parent), embarrassment and discrimination experiences. CYP and caregivers believed longer opening hours could facilitate more timely access to care. Caregivers and HCPs reported that delayed or rejected referrals to secondary or adult care were a barrier to having needs met, especially for CYP with poor mental health. CYP and caregivers in numerous studies emphasised the importance of communication and trust with HCPs, including taking their concerns seriously, being knowledgeable and providing continuity of care for CYP. Common barriers reported across high-need subpopulations were caregivers needing knowledge and confidence to advocate for their child, gaps in HCP’s knowledge and a lack of connectedness between primary and secondary care.ConclusionsConnecting general practices and community health workers/services, improving CYP/caregivers’ understanding of common childhood conditions, addressing HCP’s knowledge gaps in paediatric care and integrated approaches between primary and secondary care may reduce inequity in access.

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Role of community pharmacy professionals in child health service provision in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey in six cities of Amhara regional state

Ayele

Cosh

Islam

et al. 2022

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background Community pharmacy professionals have great potential to deliver various public health services aimed at improving service access, particularly in countries with a shortage of health professionals. However, little is known about their involvement in child health service provision in Ethiopia. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals in child health service provision within Ethiopia. Methods A multi-center cross-sectional survey was conducted among 238 community pharmacy professionals from March to July 2020 in Amhara regional state of Ethiopia. Independent samples t-test and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the mean difference. Results Most community pharmacy professionals were ‘involved’ in providing child health services related to ‘advice about vitamins/supplements’ (46.6%), ‘advice about infant milk/formulas’ (47.1%) and ‘responding to minor symptoms’ (50.8%) for children. The survey revealed that, community pharmacy professionals were less frequently involved in providing childhood ‘vaccination’ services. Further, level of involvement of community pharmacy professionals differed according to participants’ licensure level, setting type, responsibility in the facility and previous training experience in child health services. Conclusion Community pharmacy professionals have been delivering various levels of child health services, demonstrating ability and capacity in improving access to child health services in Ethiopia. However, there is a need for training and government support to optimize pharmacist engagement and contribution to service delivery.

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Community pharmacy role in children’s health in England: Experiences and opinions of parents and young people

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Public Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacy in Public Health (PubPharmQ)

Development of a Questionnaire to Measure Public Perceptions of the Role of Community Pharmacy in Public Health (PubPharmQ)

Access to primary care for children and young people (CYP) in the UK: a scoping review of CYP’s, caregivers’ and healthcare professionals’ views and experiences of facilitators and barriers

Role of community pharmacy professionals in child health service provision in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey in six cities of Amhara regional state

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