Community phytosanitation to manage cassava brown streak disease

Legg, J.P.; Ndalahwa, Mathias; Yabeja, Juma; Ndyetabula, Innocent; Bouwmeester, H.J.; Shirima, Rudolph; Mtunda, K.

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2017.04.020

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Modelling has also shown that, to reduce CBSD dispersal and increase cassava yields, virus‐free planting material should be distributed to a number of different growers across a widespread area with restricted trade (McQuaid et al ., ). Once certified virus‐clean material has been distributed, farmers must also be thoroughly trained in the identification of disease symptoms to enable sufficient roguing to further reduce CBSD spread (Legg et al ., ; McQuaid et al ., ). Cassava clean seed system projects have recently been piloted in Uganda and Tanzania.…”

Section: Distribution Of Certified Virus‐clean Planting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cassava brown streak disease: historical timeline, current knowledge and future prospects

Tomlinson

Bailey

Alicai

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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SummaryCassava is the second most important staple food crop in terms of per capita calories consumed in Africa and holds potential for climate change adaptation. Unfortunately, productivity in East and Central Africa is severely constrained by two viral diseases: cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). CBSD was first reported in 1936 from northeast Tanzania. For approximately 70 years, CBSD was restricted to coastal East Africa and so had a relatively low impact on food security compared with CMD. However, at the turn of the 21st century, CBSD re‐emerged further inland, in areas around Lake Victoria, and it has since spread through many East and Central African countries, causing high yield losses and jeopardizing the food security of subsistence farmers. This recent re‐emergence has attracted intense scientific interest, with studies shedding light on CBSD viral epidemiology, sequence diversity, host interactions and potential sources of resistance within the cassava genome. This review reflects on 80 years of CBSD research history (1936–2016) with a timeline of key events. We provide insights into current CBSD knowledge, management efforts and future prospects for improved understanding needed to underpin effective control and mitigation of impacts on food security.

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Section: Distribution Of Certified Virus‐clean Planting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cassava clean seed system projects have recently been piloted in Uganda and Tanzania. (Legg et al ., ; McQuaid et al ., ).…”

Section: Distribution Of Certified Virus‐clean Planting Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cassava brown streak disease: historical timeline, current knowledge and future prospects

Tomlinson

Bailey

Alicai

et al. 2017

Molecular Plant Pathology

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“…At 9 MAP, four plants per block were destructively harvested. Cross sections were made on the roots [33] to score severity of storage root necrosis (SRN) based on a 1-5 scale where 1no apparent necrosis and 5-root necrotic and severe constriction [31,32]. Non necrotic roots (score of 1.0) were counted as marketable storage roots (MSR) and their fresh weight weighed as marketable root yield (MRY) data.…”

Section: Field Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Cassava Brown Streak Disease Infections in Local and Improved Cassava Genotypes under Field and Greenhouse Assays in Lower Eastern Kenya

Koima

Orek

2018

IJPR

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Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) is caused by two cassava brown streak viruses (CBSVs) transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). CBSD significantly inhibits cassava production in Kenya through losses of up to 100% in farmer-preferred but susceptible varieties. As a management strategy, the present study evaluated the effect of CBSD on two local varieties (Thika-5 & Serere) and 15 improved genotypes in lower Eastern Kenya. Between October 2016 and June 2017, the genotypes were infected with CBSVs through whitefly transmission under field experiment at SEKU research farm (1.31ºS, 37.75ºE) and chip-bud grafting at KALRO-Katumani (1.35ºS, 37.14ºS) greenhouse conditions. RCBD and CRD experimental designs were respectively applied in field and greenhouse assays. CBSD symptoms were quantified through disease incidence (DIC) and severity (DSY) every 3 months for the field experiment and weekly for greenhouse assay. At harvest, storage root necrosis (SRN) was scored and non-necrotic roots weighed as marketable root yield (MRY). Molecular diagnostics was accomplished through duplex RT-PCR. Results revealed significantly (P≤0.01) higher foliar field DIC (81-100%) and SRN (2.3 -5.0) recorded in 2 Thika-5 and Serere compared to all the improved genotypes that were foliarly asymptomatic (0% DIC and mean SRN of 1.0). Concomitantly and substantially lower (P≤0.01) MRY (1.99 -2.16 t/ha) were bulked by Thika-5 and Serere compared to 10 improved genotypes that bulked 5.81 -9.21 t/ha MRY. Upon chip-bud graft infection, Thika-5 and Serere showed higher DIC of 81 -90% compared to four improved genotypes with 20 -35% DIC. Correlations between MRY, DIC and SRN were inverse and significant (P≤0.01). RT-PCR detected pre-dominantly CBSV. In conclusion, the natural whitefly-based transmission of CBSVs was ineffective compared to chipbud grafting. The inverse correlations between CBSD symptoms and yield corroborated the deleterious impact of CBSD on cassava production. The ten improved, high yielding and asymptomatic genotypes identified in the current study could potentially be used to confer resistance against CBSD into farmer-preferred but often sensitive varieties.

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“…Positive selection for disease-free potato plants or plants with high (growth) vigor have shown to increase yields up to 34% [47]. Strategies focusing on resistant varieties have been reported for controlling CMD in Uganda [48], as elsewhere in SSA [49] but the use of healthy planting material has been advocated as the most easily applied control measure for CBSD [50,51]. Control measures for the management of pests and diseases in this region are varied and they include limiting the movement and use of infected planting materials, the use of pest/disease tolerant/resistant varieties such as "Cruza-148 (CIP 720118)" that is tolerant to potato late blight and bacterial wilt [52][53][54][55], as well as the routine monitoring/surveillance of the pest and disease distribution, incidence, and severity in farmers' fields by all stakeholders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmer Reported Pest and Disease Impacts on Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops and Livelihoods in Rwanda and Burundi

Okonya

Ocimati²,

Nduwayezu

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Biotic constraints cause major crop losses and, hence, food insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa. This study documented the popularity, production constraints, pests and diseases, farmers’ perceptions on the severity of biotic constraints and the impact of related crop losses on household food security for the key root, tuber and banana (RTB) crops (cassava, potato, sweetpotato and banana). Farmer interviews were conducted in 2014 covering 811 households in Rwanda and Burundi. Farmers were asked to list their RTB crop production constraints, name insect pests and diseases of RTB crops, estimate crop loss due to pests and diseases, and mention if their household experienced any form of food insecurity due to pests and diseases. Cutworms and late blight in potato, banana weevils and banana Xanthomonas wilt in banana, cassava whitefly and cassava mosaic disease in cassava, sweetpotato weevils, and sweetpotato virus disease in sweetpotato were the most predominant pests and diseases reported. Crop losses due to pests and diseases for sweetpotato, banana, potato and cassava were estimated at 26%, 29%, 33%, and 36%, respectively, in Rwanda and 37%, 48%, 38%, and 37% in Burundi. Pests and diseases reduce the profitability of RTB crops, threaten food security, and constitute a disincentive for investment. Sustainable and affordable integrated pest management packages need to be developed.

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Community phytosanitation to manage cassava brown streak disease

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Cassava brown streak disease: historical timeline, current knowledge and future prospects

Cassava brown streak disease: historical timeline, current knowledge and future prospects

Response to Cassava Brown Streak Disease Infections in Local and Improved Cassava Genotypes under Field and Greenhouse Assays in Lower Eastern Kenya

Farmer Reported Pest and Disease Impacts on Root, Tuber, and Banana Crops and Livelihoods in Rwanda and Burundi

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