Community Structure of Planktonic Fungi and the Impact of Parasitic Chytrids on Phytoplankton in Lake Inba, Japan

Kagami, Maiko; Amano, Yosuke; Ishii, Nobuyoshi

doi:10.1007/s00248-011-9913-9

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A similar study performed by Kagami et al [35], which employed DGGE and sequence analysis, demonstrated that a large proportion of the sequences belonged to chytrids in Inba Lake in Japan. Microscopic observations revealed that chytrids infect various algal species, such as Aulacoseira granulata and A. ambigua [35]. This observation is also in agreement with other work performed on high-elevation soils [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Ignored sediment fungal populations in water supply reservoirs are revealed by quantitative PCR and 454 pyrosequencing

Zhang

Chen

2015

BMC Microbiol

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BackgroundThe sediment hosts a variety of fungal species in water supply reservoirs; however, the taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal populations have remained vastly unexplored. Here, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and recently developed high-throughput 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing were combined to investigate the abundance and diversity of sediment fungal communities in three water supply reservoirs.ResultsThese results revealed 1991, 2473, and 2610 copies of the 18S rRNA gene in the sediments from the ZC, SBY, and JP reservoirs, respectively. The fungal abundance in JP reservoir was 1.31 times higher than that of the ZC reservoir. In general, 43123 reads were recovered, corresponding to 945 distinct molecular operational taxonomic units (OTUs, 97% similarity cut-off level). The majority of the fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences were affiliated with Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Mucoromycotina. The highest Chao 1 index (962) was observed in the JP reservoir, and this value was 5.66 times greater than that of the SBY reservoir. Heat map analysis showed that Rhizophydium (relative frequency 30.98%), Placidium (20.20%), Apophysomyces (8.43%), Allomyces (6.26%), and Rhodotorula (6.01%) were the dominant genera in the JP reservoir, while Elaphomyces (20.0%) was the dominant genus in the ZC reservoir and Rhizophydium (30.98%) and Mattirolomyces (39.40%) were the most abundant in the JP and SBY reservoirs. Glomus sp. was only found in the JP reservoir. Furthermore, the larger proportions of “unassigned fungi” call for crafting International Nucleotide Sequence Database. Principle component analysis (PCA) and network analysis also suggested that tremendously diverse functional fungal populations were resident in the sediments of the three water supply reservoirs.ConclusionsThus, the results of this research suggest that the combination of high-throughput Roche 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing and qPCR is successfully employed to decrypt reservoir sediment fungal communities. Diverse fungi occur widely in the sediments of water supply reservoirs. These findings will undoubtedly broaden our understanding of reservoir sediment fungal species harbored in this freshwater stressful environmental condition. Future research should be conducted to determine the potential for fungi to degrade complex pollutants and their secondary metabolites related to the water quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Ignored sediment fungal populations in water supply reservoirs are revealed by quantitative PCR and 454 pyrosequencing

Zhang

Chen

2015

BMC Microbiol

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“…Chytrids produce motile dispersing life stages know as zoospores, are either saprotrophic or parasitic and are important contributors to aquatic food chains and carbon cycling (reviewed by Gleason et al, 2008). Despite high infection rates in natural algae populations, it is unclear how severe the effect of parasitic chytrids is (e.g., Kagami et al, 2011), however their impact may be amplified in commercial settings. For example, the chytrid Phlyctidium scenedesmi has been noted to cause severe production loss of Scenedesmus in open pond systems (Fott, 1967; Ilkov, 1975).…”

Section: Review Of Some Known Algae Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites in algae mass culture

2014

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Parasites are now known to be ubiquitous across biological systems and can play an important role in modulating algal populations. However, there is a lack of extensive information on their role in artificial ecosystems such as algal production ponds and photobioreactors. Parasites have been implicated in the demise of algal blooms. Because individual mass culture systems often tend to be unialgal and a select few algal species are in wide scale application, there is an increased potential for parasites to have a devastating effect on commercial scale monoculture. As commercial algal production continues to expand with a widening variety of applications, including biofuel, food and pharmaceuticals, the parasites associated with algae will become of greater interest and potential economic impact. A number of important algal parasites have been identified in algal mass culture systems in the last few years and this number is sure to grow as the number of commercial algae ventures increases. Here, we review the research that has identified and characterized parasites infecting mass cultivated algae, the techniques being proposed and or developed to control them, and the potential impact of parasites on the future of the algal biomass industry.

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“…Fungi do exist as small zoosporic (lower) fungi known to parasitize on planktonic organisms (e.g., [7]–[9]). While it has been noted that lower fungi can also act as primary decomposers (listed by substrates in [10]) this has been rarely considered relevant until recently [11]–[13]. Therefore, little is known about fungal contributions to the degradation of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) derived from algae, zooplankton, shredder activities, or other sources in the pelagic zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Saprotrophic Freshwater Fungi for Pollen Degradation

et al. 2014

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Fungi and bacteria are the major organic matter (OM) decomposers in aquatic ecosystems. While bacteria are regarded as primary mineralizers in the pelagic zone of lakes and oceans, fungi dominate OM decomposition in streams and wetlands. Recent findings indicate that fungal communities are also active in lakes, but little is known about their diversity and interactions with bacteria. Therefore, the decomposer niche overlap of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria was studied on pollen (as a seasonally recurring source of fine particulate OM) by performing microcosm experiments with three different lake types. Special emphasis was placed on analysis of fungal community composition and diversity. We hypothesized that (I) pollen select for small saprotrophic fungi and at the same time for typical particle-associated bacteria; (II) fungal communities form specific free-living and attached sub-communities in each lake type; (III) the ratio between fungi or bacteria on pollen is controlled by the lake's chemistry. Bacteria-to-fungi ratios were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and bacterial and fungal diversity were studied by clone libraries and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprints. A protease assay was used to identify functional differences between treatments. For generalization, systematic differences in bacteria-to-fungi ratios were analyzed with a dataset from the nearby Baltic Sea rivers. High abundances of Chytridiomycota as well as occurrences of Cryptomycota and yeast-like fungi confirm the decomposer niche overlap of saprotrophic fungi and bacteria on pollen. As hypothesized, microbial communities consistently differed between the lake types and exhibited functional differences. Bacteria-to-fungi ratios correlated well with parameters such as organic carbon and pH. The importance of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen for bacteria-to-fungi ratios was supported by the Baltic Sea river dataset. Our findings highlight the fact that carbon-to-nitrogen ratios may also control fungal contributions to OM decomposition in aquatic ecosystems.

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Community Structure of Planktonic Fungi and the Impact of Parasitic Chytrids on Phytoplankton in Lake Inba, Japan

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Ignored sediment fungal populations in water supply reservoirs are revealed by quantitative PCR and 454 pyrosequencing

Ignored sediment fungal populations in water supply reservoirs are revealed by quantitative PCR and 454 pyrosequencing

Parasites in algae mass culture

Importance of Saprotrophic Freshwater Fungi for Pollen Degradation

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