“…Consequently, the Australian empirical studies of HRD roles and competencies conducted in the early 1980s suggest conformity with the North American research findings from the mid-1970s. While significant variations would have existed in the roles of individual practitioners participating in the studies by Gurr (1981), Malone (1984) and Hayton (1984), all three studies suggest a predominantly Table 5 THE ROLES, ASSOCIATED DUTIES AND JOB TITLES. IDENTIFIED BY HAYTON (1984) * Recommended job titles; SD denotes 'Staff Development' Source: Hayton, 1984, 64. traditional orientation towards direct instruction, rather than the consultant/facilitator/change agent roles, in Australian HRD practice.…”