Community-wide consequences of variation in photoprotective physiology among prairie plants

Kothari, Shan; Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine; Bitan, Keren; Verhoeven, Amy; Wang, R.; Montgomery, Rebecca; Gamon, John A.

doi:10.1007/s11099-018-0777-9

Cited by 23 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Curran, 1989), functional traits associated with the trade-off between fast and slow return on investment (Reich et al ., 1997; Wright et al ., 2004) suggesting the relevance of different resource use strategies for structuring plant communities and community productivity (Reich et al ., 1997). In addition, chlorophyll content and xanthophyll cycle pigment pool size contributed substantially to species separability, highlighting that prairie ecosystems harbor species with different strategies for light capture and photoprotection (Kothari et al ., 2018). These sets of traits also relate to canopy structure (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We tested for differences among species functional traits using Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) post hoc tests and the R package agricolae (de Mendiburu, 2017). Further, since we expected species separability to increase with phylogenetic distance (Schweiger et al ., 2018), we tested for phylogenetic signal of each trait using Blomberg’s K statistic (Blomberg et al ., 2003) as implemented in the R package picante (Kembel et al ., 2010) and the phylogeny reconstructed by (Kothari et al ., 2018) with one missing species ( Petalostemum candidum (Willd.) Michx.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The optical type concept [9], published over a decade ago, posits that since neighbouring plants share resources, including light, nutrients and water, the degree of spectral complementarity in plant communities can inform us about complementary resource-use, which is, in turn, associated with ecosystem function and productivity. Complementary light use strategies have since been studied using spectral data in tropical forests [10], among evergreen and deciduous trees [11], and among prairie species [12]. Other studies have shown that dissimilarity in spectral profiles of plants correlates with their functional dissimilarity [13-17] and evolutionary divergence time [14, 15, 18, 19]; and positive relationships between measures of spectral diversity and ecosystem productivity [15] suggest a coupling between spectral differences among plants and resource-use complementarity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling spectral and resource-use complementarity in experimental grassland and forest communities

Schweiger

Cavender‐Bares

Kothari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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24• Plants' spectra provide integrative measures of their chemical, morphological, anatomical, and 25 architectural traits. We posit that the degree to which plants differentiate in n-dimensional 26 spectral space is a measure of niche differentiation and reveals functional complementarity. 27• In both experimentally and naturally assembled communities, we quantified plant niches using 28 hypervolumes delineated by either plant spectra or 10 functional traits. We compared the niche 29 fraction unique to each species in spectral and trait spaces with increasing dimensionality, and 30 investigated the association between the spectral space occupied, plant growth and community 31 productivity. 32• We show that spectral niches differentiated species better than their functional trait niches. The 33 amount of spectral space occupied by individuals and plant communities increased with plant 34 growth and community productivity, respectively. Further, community productivity was better 35 explained by inter-individual spectral complementarity than by productive individuals 36 occupying large spectral niches. 37 • The degree of differentiation in spectral space provides the conceptual basis for identifying 38 plant taxa spectrally. Moreover, our results indicate that the size and position of plant spectral 39 niches reflect ecological strategies that shape community composition and ecosystem function, 40 with the potential to reveal insight in niche partitioning over large areas with spectroscopy. 41 42 Keywords 43 complementarity, functional traits, ecosystem function, Hutchinsonian niche, plant species 44 identification, spectroscopy, spectral space, remote sensing 45 3

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling spectral and resource-use complementarity in experimental grassland and forest communities

Schweiger

Cavender‐Bares

Kothari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…However, besides stomatal conductance and transpiration, there are additional mechanisms involved in leaf temperature regulation [32,33]. Instead of leaf cooling, such mechanisms probably avoid leaf heating [34,35,36,37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Thermography to Confirm Genotypic Variation for Drought Response in Maize

Racn

Silva

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The feasibility of thermography as a technique for plant screening aiming at drought-tolerance has been proven by its relationship with gas exchange, biomass, and yield. In this study, unlike most of the previous, thermography was applied for phenotyping contrasting maize genotypes whose classification for drought tolerance had already been established in the field. Our objective was to determine whether thermography-based classification would discriminate the maize genotypes in a similar way as the field selection in which just grain yield was taken into account as a criterion. We evaluated gas exchange, daily water consumption, leaf relative water content, aboveground biomass, and grain yield. Indeed, the screening of maize genotypes based on canopy temperature showed similar results to traditional methods. Nevertheless, canopy temperature only partially reflected gas exchange rates and daily water consumption in plants under drought. Part of the explanation may lie in the changes that drought had caused in plant leaves and canopy structure, altering absorption and dissipation of energy, photosynthesis, transpiration, and partitioning rates. Accordingly, although there was a negative relationship between grain yield and plant canopy temperature, it does not necessarily mean that plants whose canopies were maintained cooler under drought achieved the highest yield.

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“…These mechanisms include biochemical pathways that safely dissipate excess light as heat—most notably, the xanthophyll cycle. They also include structural means to avoid absorbing too much light, such as self-shading canopies, reflective leaves, or steep leaf angles (Lovelock & Clough 1992; Streb et al 1997; Pearcy et al 2005; Kothari et al 2018). In general, plants use such photoprotective mechanisms more under environmental conditions that put them at high risk of damage, including high light (Montgomery et al 2008) and cold or dry climate (Cavender-Bares 2007; Savage et al 2009; Wujeska et al 2013; Ramírez-Valiente et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses to light explain competition and facilitation in a tree diversity experiment

Kothari

Montgomery

Cavender‐Bares

2019

Preprint

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14Author contributions: SK conceived the project with JCB, conducted physiological measurements, 15analyzed and interpreted the data with JCB and RM, and wrote the first draft of the paper. JCB and RM 16designed the FAB experiment, coordinated annual biomass surveys, and contributed to subsequent 17 revisions of the paper. 19Summary 20  Interspecific facilitation is often invoked in explanations of biodiversity-ecosystem function 21 relationships in plant communities, but it is seldom clear how it occurs. Physiological 22 experiments show that excess light causes stress that may depress long-term carbon assimilation. 23If shading by a plant's neighbors reduces light stress, it may facilitate that plant's growth. On the 24 other hand, when light is a limiting factor for growth, shading will often have a net negative, 25 competitive effect. 26  In a tree diversity experiment, we measured growth rates and photosynthetic physiology of 27 broadleaf tree species across a gradient of light availability imposed by their neighbors. At the 28 extremes, trees experienced nearly full sun (monoculture), or were shaded by nearby fast-growing 29 conifers (shaded biculture). 30  Although most species had lower growth with larger neighbors, implying a net competitive effect, 31 the two most shade-tolerant species (Tilia americana and Acer negundo) had positive responses 32 to neighbor size. Compared to the others, these two species were especially susceptible to 33 photoinhibition (reduced dark-acclimated Fv/Fm) in full sun. While most species had lower 34 assimilation rates in shaded bicultures, T. americana had carbon assimilation rates up to 25% 35 higher. T. americana also dropped its leaves 3-4 weeks later in the shaded biculture, extending its 36 growing season. We conclude that although large neighbors can cause light limitation in shade-37 intolerant species, they can also increase growth through abiotic stress amelioration in shade-38 tolerant species. 39  Both positive and negative species interactions in our experiment can be explained by the 40 photosynthetic responses of trees to the light environment created by their neighbors. We show 41 that physiological measurements can deepen our understanding of the species interactions that 42 underlie biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships. 43 44

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Community-wide consequences of variation in photoprotective physiology among prairie plants

Cited by 23 publications

References 68 publications

Coupling spectral and resource-use complementarity in experimental grassland and forest communities

Coupling spectral and resource-use complementarity in experimental grassland and forest communities

Using Thermography to Confirm Genotypic Variation for Drought Response in Maize

Physiological responses to light explain competition and facilitation in a tree diversity experiment

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