Commutation-relation-preserving ladder operators for propagating optical fields in nonuniform lossy media

Partanen, Mikko; Häyrynen, Teppo; Tulkki, Jukka; Oksanen, Jani

doi:10.1103/physreva.92.033839

Cited by 9 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To study the energy transport in the example DDS, in Fig. 5e, f we show the magnitude of the Poynting vector for TE and TM, calculated from the right-and left-propagating photon numbers following (Partanen et al 2015). It can be seen that the interference patterns are not anymore visible in the Poynting vectors in Fig.…”

Section: Calculations Including Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards fully self-consistent optoelectronic simulation of planar devices

et al. 2019

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Photon recycling plays an important role in various optoelectronic devices, such as thinfilm solar cells and intracavity double-diode structures presently studied for electroluminescent cooling. However, a complete description of photon recycling requires developing fully self-consistent simulation tools of photon and electronic charge transport in realistic device structures. In this paper, we describe a possible route towards such simulation tools in planar devices by combining the radiative transfer (RT) equation of photon transport with the drift-diffusion (DD) equations of electron and hole dynamics. We investigate the feasibility of the approach by selected proof-of-principle device studies. The results indicate that combining the RT and DD models not only yields the expected device characteristics, but also produces new insight into the pertinent local emission and absorption properties within the device structures. In particular, the model allows to accurately investigate how emission directivity and saturation affect the coupling coefficient in the double diode structures, showing that the main contribution to the coupling coefficient arises from the reflectivity of the top contact. For completeness, we also discuss how interference affects photon transport in resonant devices by an example calculation using the quantized fluctuational electrodynamics framework, paving way for self-consistent modeling tools that also account for wave-optical effects.

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Section: Calculations Including Interferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards fully self-consistent optoelectronic simulation of planar devices

et al. 2019

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“…where v(x, ω) = c/n r (x, ω) is the energy propagation velocity, n r (x, ω) is the real part of the refractive index, and the quantity ρ IF (x, ω, x ), introduced for nonmagnetic media in Ref. 17, is referred to as the interference density of states (IFDOS) and it is, in the present case, given by…”

Section: Field Fluctuations Photon Numbers and Densities Of Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The integral of the IFDOS with respect to x is always zero as required, e.g. by the fact that in a medium in thermal equilibrium, there is no net energy flow [17]. In addition, it is important to note that the total Poynting vector expectation value in Eq.…”

Section: Field Fluctuations Photon Numbers and Densities Of Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Generalized noise terms for the quantized fluctuational electrodynamics

Partanen

Häyrynen

Oksanen

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The quantization of optical fields in vacuum has been known for decades, but extending the field quantization to lossy and dispersive media in nonequilibrium conditions has proven to be complicated due to the position-dependent electric and magnetic responses of the media. In fact, consistent position-dependent quantum models for the photon number in resonant structures have only been formulated very recently and only for dielectric media. Here we present a general positiondependent quantized fluctuational electrodynamics (QFED) formalism that extends the consistent field quantization to describe the photon number also in the presence of magnetic field-matter interactions. It is shown that the magnetic fluctuations provide an additional degree of freedom in media where the magnetic coupling to the field is prominent. Therefore, the field quantization requires an additional independent noise operator that is commuting with the conventional bosonic noise operator describing the polarization current fluctuations in dielectric media. In addition to allowing the detailed description of field fluctuations, our methods provide practical tools for modeling optical energy transfer and the formation of thermal balance in general dielectric and magnetic nanodevices. We use QFED to investigate the magnetic properties of microcavity systems to demonstrate an example geometry in which it is possible to probe fields arising from the electric and magnetic source terms. We show that, as a consequence of the magnetic Purcell effect, the tuning of the position of an emitter layer placed inside a vacuum cavity can make the emissivity of a magnetic emitter to exceed the emissivity of a corresponding electric emitter.

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“…The derivation requires the ability to unambiguously separate the propagating optical fields into left- and right-propagating components which has only recently become possible with the introduction of the QFED framework 9 , 12 – 15 . The QFED framework unambiguously combines the quantized Maxwell’s equations and the related quantum optical source terms 16 – 18 with the canonical commutation relations of the ladder operators of the fields, thereby allowing, e.g., to identify the propagating field photon numbers 14 and to study the formation of thermal balance in resonator structures using the concept of photon number 12 . Here, the connection between the QFED and RTE makes the essential initial step towards converting RTE into a scalable and all-inclusive optical model with interference modulated model parameters and transparent physical interpretation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interference-exact radiative transfer equation

Partanen

Häyrynen

Oksanen

2017

Sci Rep

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The Purcell effect, i.e., the modification of the spontaneous emission rate by optical interference, profoundly affects the light-matter coupling in optical resonators. Fully describing the optical absorption, emission, and interference of light hence conventionally requires combining the full Maxwell’s equations with stochastic or quantum optical source terms accounting for the quantum nature of light. We show that both the nonlocal wave and local particle features associated with interference and emission of propagating fields in stratified geometries can be fully captured by local damping and scattering coefficients derived from the recently introduced quantized fluctuational electrodynamics (QFED) framework. In addition to describing the nonlocal optical interference processes as local directionally resolved effects, this allows reformulating the well known and widely used radiative transfer equation (RTE) as a physically transparent interference-exact model that extends the useful range of computationally efficient and quantum optically accurate interference-aware optical models from simple structures to full optical devices.

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Commutation-relation-preserving ladder operators for propagating optical fields in nonuniform lossy media

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Towards fully self-consistent optoelectronic simulation of planar devices

Towards fully self-consistent optoelectronic simulation of planar devices

Generalized noise terms for the quantized fluctuational electrodynamics

Interference-exact radiative transfer equation

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