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“…Recent work on monitoring commitments (Chesani et al 2013;Kafalı and Torroni 2018) or norms (Alechina, Dastani, and Logan 2014;Dastani, Torroni, and Yorke-Smith 2018) assumes a unitary model with synchronous state changes. Conceptually, these works are closer to Cupid, which too is based on a unitary model, and which our contribution extends to decentralized settings.…”
Engineering a decentralized multiagent system (MAS) requires realizing interactions modeled as a communication protocol between autonomous agents. We contribute Clouseau, an approach that takes a commitment-based specification of an interaction and generates a communication protocol amenable to decentralized enactment. We show that the generated protocol is (1) correct—realizes all and only the computations that satisfy the input specification; (2) safe—ensures the agents' local views remain consistent; and (3) live—ensures the agents can proceed to completion.
“…Recent work on monitoring commitments (Chesani et al 2013;Kafalı and Torroni 2018) or norms (Alechina, Dastani, and Logan 2014;Dastani, Torroni, and Yorke-Smith 2018) assumes a unitary model with synchronous state changes. Conceptually, these works are closer to Cupid, which too is based on a unitary model, and which our contribution extends to decentralized settings.…”
Engineering a decentralized multiagent system (MAS) requires realizing interactions modeled as a communication protocol between autonomous agents. We contribute Clouseau, an approach that takes a commitment-based specification of an interaction and generates a communication protocol amenable to decentralized enactment. We show that the generated protocol is (1) correct—realizes all and only the computations that satisfy the input specification; (2) safe—ensures the agents' local views remain consistent; and (3) live—ensures the agents can proceed to completion.
“…The act of monitoring has a maintenance-like ongoing nature. Extending the approach of, e.g., Kafalı and Torroni (2018) to understand monitoring and responding to failures is future work, as is handling disputes between agents as to the facts (Telang et al 2015) and their effects on coherence. Criado, Black, and Luck (2016) discuss a notion of coherence where they seek to identify consistent sets of norms.…”
We introduce and formalize a concept of a maintenance commitment, a kind of social commitment characterized by states whose truthhood an agent commits to maintain. This concept of maintenance commitments enables us to capture a richer variety of real-world scenarios than possible using achievement commitments with a temporal condition. By developing a rule-based operational semantics, we study the relationship between agents' achievement and maintenance goals, achievement commitments, and maintenance commitments. We motivate a notion of coherence which captures alignment between an agents' achievement and maintenance cognitive and social constructs, and prove that, under specified conditions, the goals and commitments of both rational agents individually and of a multiagent system are coherent.
“…In the second case, when monitors are internal and integrated in the target system, the monitor collects execution information, which is possibly used for the further continuation of the execution of the target system. An additional complexity comes from the distributed nature of such systems, due to which individual monitoring agents may have to coordinate with one another in order to diagnose norm violations (Kafaland & Torroni, 2012, 2018). Finally, since monitoring typically has to deal with large amounts of data and it is eminently an online activity, it crucially has to take computational verifiability into account, as Vázquez-Salceda et al .…”
Section: Models For Norm Monitoringmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…ComMon and related tools have been used in a number of works (e.g. Kafaland Torroni, 2012; Ly et al ., 2015; Kafaland Yolum, 2016; Kafaland Torroni, 2018). Figure 4A screenshot of the ComMon run-time monitor for multi-agent commitments.…”
The concept of anormis found widely across fields including artificial intelligence, biology, computer security, cultural studies, economics, law, organizational behaviour and psychology. The concept is studied with different terminology and perspectives, including individual, social, legal and philosophical. If a norm is an expected behaviour in a social setting, then this article considers how it can be determined whether an individual is adhering to this expected behaviour. We call this processmonitoring, and again it is a concept known with different terminology in different fields. Monitoring of norms is foundational for processes of accountability, enforcement, regulation and sanctioning. Starting with a broad focus and narrowing to the multi-agent systems literature, this survey addresses four key questions: what is monitoring, what is monitored, who does the monitoring and how the monitoring is accomplished.
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