Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: A federated electronic medical record analysis

Abstract

Background At the beginning of June 2020, there were nearly 7 million reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide and over 400,000 deaths in people with COVID-19. The objective of this study was to determine associations between comorbidities listed in the Charlson comorbidity index and mortality among patients in the United States with COVID-19. Methods and findings A retrospective cohort study of adults with COVID-19 from 24 healthcare organizations in the US was conducted. The study included adults aged 18-90 years with COVID-19 coded in their electronic medical records between January 20, 2020, and May 26, 2020. Results were also stratified by age groups (<50 years, 50-69 years, or 70-90 years). A total of 31,461 patients were included. Median age was 50 years (interquartile range [IQR], 35-63) and 54.5% (n = 17,155) were female. The most common comorbidities listed in the Charlson comorbidity index were chronic pulmonary disease (17.5%, n = 5,513) and diabetes mellitus (15.0%, n = 4,710). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed older age (odds ratio

Clinical characteristics and mortality associated with COVID-19 in Jakarta, Indonesia: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study

“…and 300%, respectively, compared to those without such comorbidities. These findings were consistent with similar studies elsewhere [4,8,9]. In contrast, similar to a study in the US [8],…”

“…Several other studies in China [26], Brazil [13,27], Uganda [14], and South Africa [15] patients were less frequent in Jakarta (31% of patients) than reported in large patient series in North America [7,8], South America [13], and Europe [9]. This could reflect the relatively young population admitted to Jakarta hospitals, but also under-reporting of comorbidities by patients, or under-diagnosis due to variable access to quality health services.…”

“…Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19), has spread rapidly around the world since it was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 [1]. Current understanding of COVID-19 mortality mostly comes from clinical epidemiological studies conducted in the early phase of the pandemic in China [2][3][4], and in high-income countries of North America [5][6][7][8] and Europe [9,10]. Severe outcomes of COVID-19 in those settings have been consistently associated with older age and pre-existing chronic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cardiac disease, chronic kidney disease, and liver disease [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Is sickle cell disease a risk factor for severe COVID-19 : a multicenter national retrospective cohort

“…Age has been reported to be associated with severe disease progression in COVID-19 23 On a different note, patients in the non-SCD group were found to be mostly comorbid with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN), this could be attributed to the older age of the population 32 . The higher prevalence of DM and HTN increased the baseline risk of the non-SCD group to develop severe COVID-19 outcomes [5][6][7] .…”

“…The illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus varies in its symptomatology and can range from being asymptomatic 3 to severe illness leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and eventually, death 4 . Several studies have shown an association between higher rates of hospitalization and severe illness with advanced age, male gender, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, severe asthma, high body mass index, chronic kidney disease, chronic pulmonary disease and malignancy [5][6][7][8] . Additional factors that are suggestive of more serious COVID-19 complications include admission oxygen saturation of <88%, troponin-I level >1 ng/mL, C-reactive protein level >200 mg/L, and D-dimer levels >2500 ng/mL 6 .…”