Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for Research, Practice, and DSM-V

Jensen, Peter S.; Martín, David; Cantwell, Dennis P.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00014

Cited by 654 publications

(393 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with the idea that the aggression exhibited by boys with a chronic high trajectory may be linked to neuropsychological deficits that are also associated with ADHD (Jensen et al, 1997;Moffitt, 1993). As noted, peer rejection was also found to be positively associated with the chronic high aggression trajectory.…”

Section: Risk Factors and Risk Trajectoriessupporting

confidence: 89%

Modeling Growth in Boys' Aggressive Behavior Across Elementary School: Links to Later Criminal Involvement, Conduct Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Schaeffer¹,

Petras²,

Ialongo³

et al. 2003

Developmental Psychology

241

207

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The present study used general growth mixture modeling to identify pathways of antisocial behavior development within an epidemiological sample of urban, primarily African American boys. Teacher-rated aggression, measured longitudinally from 1st to 7th grade, was used to define growth trajectories. Three high-risk trajectories (chronic high, moderate, and increasing aggression) and one low-risk trajectory (stable low aggression) were found. Boys with chronic high and increasing trajectories were at increased risk for conduct disorder, juvenile and adult arrest, and antisocial personality disorder. Concentration problems were highest among boys with a chronic high trajectory and also differentiated boys with increasing aggression from boys with stable low aggression. Peer rejection was highest among boys with chronic high aggression. Interventions with boys with distinct patterns of aggression are discussed.Antisocial behavior is among the most common and serious mental health problems presently faced in the United States (Kessler et al., 1994). Conduct disorder is one of the most prevalent disorders of childhood (3%-10%; Lewinsohn, Hops, Roberts, Seeley, & Andrews, 1993) and is associated with an array of other problems, including school failure, substance abuse, and adult psychiatric disorder (

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Section: Risk Factors and Risk Trajectoriessupporting

confidence: 89%

Modeling Growth in Boys' Aggressive Behavior Across Elementary School: Links to Later Criminal Involvement, Conduct Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Schaeffer¹,

Petras²,

Ialongo³

et al. 2003

Developmental Psychology

241

207

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show abstract

“…Although statistically significant, the ADHD-CD comorbidity rates obtained in both our samples (10-13%) are lower than the rates reported in community (Jensen et al 1997; Ford, personal communication) and clinical studies (about 20-50%) (Barkley 2003;Biederman et al 1991). It is conceivable that children aged 11-17 may be better informants of CD and internalizing disorders than parents.…”

Section: Relation Of Findings To Other Studiescontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…Our group recently reported that urban residence and perception of poverty-rather than actual income-was a correlate of the disorder, when measured using DSM-IV criteria (Canino et al 2004). Several community studies using earlier diagnostic criteria in children or adolescent samples found an association for socioeconomic status (Bird et al 1988), family on welfare and urban residence (Szatmari et al 1989), and income (Scahill et al 1999).Comorbidity of ADHD with other psychiatric disorders, particularly conduct disorder, has been documented in community and treated samples but not systematically compared (Biederman et al 1991;Jensen et al 1997). Also, recent findings from community studies suggest that the significant association between two disorders may be explained by the presence of other disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comorbidity of ADHD with other psychiatric disorders, particularly conduct disorder, has been documented in community and treated samples but not systematically compared (Biederman et al 1991;Jensen et al 1997). Also, recent findings from community studies suggest that the significant association between two disorders may be explained by the presence of other disorders.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents

Bauermeister

Shrout

Ramírez

et al. 2007

J Abnorm Child Psychol

128

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Patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and youth were examined in representative samples from the community and from treatment facilities serving medically indigent youth in Puerto Rico. Information from caretakers and youths was obtained using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, (version IV), measures of global impairment, and a battery of potential correlates. In the community (N=1,896) and the treated samples (N=763), 7.5 and 26.2% of the children, respectively, met criteria for DSM-IVADHD in the previous year. Although the prevalence rates and degree of impairment differed, the general patterns of correlates, comorbidity and impairment were similar in both populations. The exceptions were associated with conduct disorder, anxiety, impairment in the ADHD comorbid group, and age factors that appeared to be related to selection into treatment. Keywords ADHD; Correlates; Prevalence; Comorbidity; Hispanic/LatinoThe clinical research literature has consistently shown that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (American Psychiatric Association 1994) is a disabling disorder that affects individuals across the lifespan (Barkley et al. 1990;. However, it is not clear whether the patterns of correlates, comorbidity, and impairment of the disorder in treated samples are the same for persons identified with ADHD in probability community samples. Studying the differences in patterns is important because findings from treatment samples can be biased due to selection effects that Cohen and Cohen (1984) called, "the clinician's illusion." They argued that bias can arise because clinical studies tend to focus on persons with more chronic and severe manifestations of the disorder. Insofar as these selection effects are ignored when looking at patterns of correlates, comorbidity, and impairment, the estimates of the associations related to these patterns can be affected by statistical bias known as Berkson's bias (Angold et al. 1999;Berkson 1950). To estimate the extent of the bias, it is necessary to compare findings in treated samples and epidemiological samples, using similar study designs and measures.Treatment-referred samples are appropriate for studies that aim to generalize findings to children who receive services in clinics, and also for studies that provide initial descriptions of rare disorders when the concern is identification of potential risk factors, or when very little developmental epidemiological research has been done (Angold et al. 1999). However, when evaluating results from treated cases, researchers must keep in mind the likelihood that these cases have more symptomatology, are more impaired, and usually constitute a higher burden to caregivers than children not receiving services. Also, minority/ethnic groups and prepubertal girls may be underrepresented in clinical samples (Goodman et al. 1997). Epidemiological studies that obtain representative community samples are designed to provid...

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“…Conduct problems and ADHD have a high comorbidity (Jensen, Martin, & Cantwell, 1997; Spencer, Biederman, & Mick, 2007). Such psychological factors are thus concurrent causes.…”

Section: Adhd and Psychodynamic Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting the inner world of ADHD children: psychoanalytic perspectives

Salomonsson

2017

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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ADHD is increasingly seen as associated with cerebral dysfunction and caused by it. This development is concomitant with an emphasis on medication, behavioural treatments, and parent training programmes. In contrast, psychoanalytic therapy has receded into the background and is often viewed as inefficient or even noxious. This paper argues that such views are based on a misunderstanding of the scope of psychotherapy. Though much more systematic research is needed to establish its efficacy, it can inform on the ADHD child’s emotional experiences. It can shed light on the connections between his/her inner world and symptoms, such as attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. On the other hand, it cannot establish causality in the individual or general case. If we recall that the diagnosis is based on a list of symptoms, not of etiology, we realize that this limitation applies to any scientific perspective on ADHD. Psychoanalytic treatment is one of several approaches to understanding ADHD and helping the child cope with it. This is achieved by the psychoanalytic method, a hermeneutic approach with which the analyst interprets the child’s behaviours and communications as they emerge in the session. The implications of such an approach are discussed.

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Comorbidity in ADHD: Implications for Research, Practice, and DSM-V

Cited by 654 publications

References 64 publications

Modeling Growth in Boys' Aggressive Behavior Across Elementary School: Links to Later Criminal Involvement, Conduct Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Modeling Growth in Boys' Aggressive Behavior Across Elementary School: Links to Later Criminal Involvement, Conduct Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder.

ADHD Correlates, Comorbidity, and Impairment in Community and Treated Samples of Children and Adolescents

Interpreting the inner world of ADHD children: psychoanalytic perspectives

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