Compact 28 GHz Folded Butler Matrix Using Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics

Nam, Seunggoo; Choi, Seungjin; Ryu, Jong-In; Lee, Jae-Young

doi:10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.109

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Citation information: DOI 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3329512 modules with Butler matrix and array antennas utilizing four or more layers remains under-explored [18], [20], [28], [30], [31], [32]. On the other hand, [33], [34], and [35] detail the creation of a Butler matrix with four or more layers using the LTCC process. The maximum beam steering angle and gain level compared to the number of antenna arrays in this work were similar or slightly worse than other studies using the LTCC process.…”

Section: * Simulated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Beam 5G Antenna With Miniaturized Butler Matrix Using Stacked LTCC

Jung,

Ryu,

Jung

2023

IEEE Access

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In this work, we present a compact four-direction beamforming 5G antenna based on a stacked 4 × 4 Butler matrix and a microstrip patch array antenna. The proposed beamforming antenna is a stacked-up structure using the low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) process and thus its size can be significantly reduced by compared to a conventional beamforming antenna with a single-layer 4 × 4 Butler matrix. Moreover, spurious radiation generated from the Butler matrix can be effectively suppressed due to shielding effects inherent to the multilayer substrate. The fabricated beamforming antenna is composed the stacked 4 × 4 Butler matrix with striplines and the 4 × 1 array microstrip patch antenna. The overall size of the fabricated antenna system is 22.02 mm × 5.93 mm × 1.20 mm. The beam steering angles are measured to be -14°, 44°, -44° and 14°.INDEX TERMS Butler matrix, Array patch antenna, Beamforming network, Stacked butler matrix, 5G

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Section: * Simulated Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Beam 5G Antenna With Miniaturized Butler Matrix Using Stacked LTCC

Jung,

Ryu,

Jung

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Butler matrix is a kind of beamforming network, which is often used in antenna arrays [21,22]. Due to the limited experimental conditions, this paper does not use a strict butler matrix to excite the antenna.…”

Section: Antenna Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

A hemispherical helical water antenna array for directional high-gain radiation

Yang

et al. 2023

Phys. Scr.

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This letter proposed a water antenna with a novel shape of hemispherical helix made of pure water. Plastic water pipe is bent into a hemispherical helix and filled with water to form helical arm of the antenna. The water arm acts as a director, which enables the antenna to obtain a wide-angle radiation characteristic in the axial direction with a beam width of 95.5°. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna (S11< -10 dB) is 1.30-1.89 GHz. Based on this antenna, a four-element antenna array is also designed. A quasi-Butler matrix is used to feed this antenna array to achieve a reconfigurable pattern. The antenna array can achieve directional high-gain radiation in five directions, covering a total range of 66°. The maximum gain of the array in the effective frequency band can reach 13.8 dBi.

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“…The tradeoff of using p-i-n diodes and varactors, compared to beamformer ICs, is their reduced functionality and the biasing network they require, which has a greater footprint. Beam steering is also possible without active components with a butler matrix [ 27 , 28 ], for example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

Verho,

Chung

2024

Sensors

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Intermediate phase shifting is a footprint- and cost-reduction technique for reconfigurable feed networks. These feed networks are utilized in antenna arrays to perform electrical beam steering. In intermediate phase shifting, a phase shifter is shared between two adjacent antennas. Conventionally, antennas only have individual phase shifters. With shared phase shifters, we reduce the number of components and the footprint by 25%. Consequently, this decreases the price and enables designs at millimeter-wave frequencies where space is limited due to frequency-dependent antenna spacing. This intermediate phase shifting is demonstrated by designing a reconfigurable feed network for the Ka-band that generates a continuous phase shift profile for beam steering. Due to the use of varactors and a novel biasing method, it does not require expensive beamformer integrated chips or lumped components for biasing. The feed network is combined with a 4 × 4 antenna array to demonstrate its beam-steering capabilities. The result is a high-density and minimalistic design that fits in a small volume of 25.6 × 25.6 × 0.95 mm3. With this small antenna array, the main beam is steered at ±40∘ broadside, providing full 1D and restricted 2D steering. It is a potential candidate for wireless sensor and mobile networks.

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Compact 28 GHz Folded Butler Matrix Using Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramics

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Multi-Beam 5G Antenna With Miniaturized Butler Matrix Using Stacked LTCC

Multi-Beam 5G Antenna With Miniaturized Butler Matrix Using Stacked LTCC

A hemispherical helical water antenna array for directional high-gain radiation

Design of a Compact and Minimalistic Intermediate Phase Shifting Feed Network for Ka-Band Electrical Beam Steering

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