Compact CPW-Based Zeroth-Order Resonant Antenna With Interleaving CRLH Unit Cells

Abstract

This paper proposes a compact zeroth-order resonant (ZOR) antenna with improved gain and efficiency. The proposed CRLH unit cell is based on the coplanar waveguide (CPW) structure. The proposed ZOR antenna is designed for a 2.45 GHz frequency band, and it has the characteristic of monopolar radiation. Shunt inductance is implemented by microstrip short-circuit stubs, and a metal-isolator-metal (MIM) capacitator provides series capacitance, where a large capacitance can be achieved in a small footprint. The proposed antenna comprises two interleaving composite right-/lefthanded CRLH unit cells, where the size of one unit cell is measured at only 0.12λ 0 × 0.098λ 0. Because the field is loosely confined within the CPW-based unit cell, a good antenna peak gain of 2.03 dBi, and a radiation efficiency of over 68% is achieved when fabricated on a thin substrate. The proposed antenna did not require an additional matching network, reducing the total antenna footprint. This paper presents antenna parameters such as the return loss, radiation pattern, antenna gain, and radiation efficiency to validate the proposed design, which achieved good simulation results.

A Carbene Catalysis Strategy for the Synthesis of Protoilludane Natural Products

“…These compounds gained attention for their structurally unique and densely functionalized perhydrocyclobuta[ e ]indene and related frameworks . Recently, the mellolide armillaridin ( 1 ) has gained considerable attention for possessing apoptotic and radiosensitizing activity towards several cancer cell lines –,. The biosynthetically related marasmanes (including isovelleral, 4 ), exhibit broad‐spectrum antimicrobial and antifeedant activity .…”

Metamaterial Applications in Modern Antennas

“…The CRLH resonator is based on transmission line (TL) structures, which is essential to realize any resonant planar antenna with no dependence on its physical dimension, and this structure supports an infinite wavelength at its fundamental mode, which is required to realize ZOR resonators [30]. A practical realization of a left-hand (LH) material includes unavoidable right-hand (RH) effects, and the CRLH resonator is able to support an infinite wavelength (β ¼ 0, with ω 6 ¼ 0) and therefore, can be used to realize any planar microwave structures [31].…”

“…Microwave structures loaded with CRLH are generally based on the insertion of inter-digital capacitors and shorted stub inductors inside the antenna or the sensor, by suitable choice of the components dimensions, and one can have desired resonant frequency [30]. It has been shown that by increasing the shunt and inductors, the antenna size can be made much smaller.…”

Microwave sensor for liquid mixture identification based on composite right left hand ‐ zero‐order resonator for sensitivity improvement

“…Some research works done on sensors dealing with the chemical solution were carried out by Salim et al 44 In addition, more recent research works were performed on studying the complex permittivity or compact permittivity of the liquids, 45,46 while other research works were focusing on biological and glucose characterization 47–50 . By examining the previously published works, 1–5,16–19,23–47 it was found that the sensitivity and sensor size are still the fundamental constraints to limit microwave sensors being widely adopted. Hence, in this article, a miniaturized and improved sensitive microwave sensor with two ports is proposed to address this issue.…”

“…25,26 The resonant frequency of structure based on CRLH is characterized by the independence of its dimension. 27,28 The CRLH is based on the principle of transmission line (TL), they can be set up to obtain zeroorder resonators (ZOR), 29,30 which is the first frequency or the dominant frequency of the circuit. The CRLH has also the advantage of frequency dilation on a short band width, and this criterion is used to increase the sensitivity of the sensor, miniaturization effect is common for all the structures based CRLH.…”