Compact Dual-Band On-Body Near Field Antenna With Reflector for Measuring Deep Core Temperature

Abstract

Human deep core temperature is a vital health condition parameter. Human body temperature change begins from the deep core followed by change in skin temperature. Measuring deep core temperature is the first action for rapid detection of health condition. Infrared thermometer can measure temperature; however, the only measures the skin temperature. The use of microwave radiometer for measuring deep core temperature has garnered attention. The antenna, an important component of the microwave radiometer, has rarely been focused upon in studies on measurement of deep core temperature. This study proposed compact dual-band on-body near field antenna with a reflector for measuring deep core temperature using a microwave radiometer. The proposed antenna size is 13 mm × 13 mm with a 20 mm × 20 mm reflector 3 mm above the radiator. The proposed antenna was simulated and designed on a full 3D body model and simplified flat phantom and measured on real human wrist. It achieved sufficient bandwidth and volume loss density can be used in microwave radiometers for measuring deep core temperature.INDEX TERMS Deep core temperature measurement, dual-band antenna, on-body antenna, sim4life

Low-power body-coupled transceiver for miniaturized body area networks

“…Kim et al [18] talk about a small, dual-band, near-field antenna that is placed on the body and has a reflector for using electromagnetic radiometers to get a full picture of the internal temperature. It successfully obtained the spectrum and volume loss level appropriate for measuring the deep core temperature of electromagnetic radiometers.…”

Sensing Performance Enhancement Based on High-Frequency Polarization of Materials

“…Sensors are crucial tools that connect the real world with digital data, , where sensitive materials work as the key elements that need to be specifically discussed. High-frequency electromagnetic wave sensors garnered significant attention, which are distinguished by their high reliability, rapid response, and cost-effectiveness compared to other sensors motivated by optics, acoustics, etc., attributing it as a research hotspot. − Recent advancements in the field have evidenced a paradigm shift in research focus, transitioning from traditional design optimization toward the exploration and incorporation of innovative materials. − These new materials, characterized by their unique electromagnetic properties, surface properties, and nanostructure designs, not only enhance the performance of high-frequency electromagnetic sensors for offering unprecedented sensitivity, selectivity, and miniaturization but also pioneer new application domains such as toxic gas, disease biomarkers, solid properties, etc. − Incorporating new materials into sensor design primarily aims to improve their response to high-frequency signals. Recently, sensitive two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene and MXene, known for their large surface areas, show great promise in detecting humidity and VOCs with high sensitivity and selectivity. , Additionally, specially designed biomaterials have been used in antigen–antibody sensors to successfully detect coronaviruses at low concentrations, highlighting the significant impact of material innovation in enhancing sensor performance …”