Compact high-efficiency pentahedron and quatrefoil shape antennas with enhanced gain for GSM1800, 3G, 4G-LTE energy harvesting applications

Abstract

In this paper, three compact, high-efficiency, gain enhanced antennas, and corresponding rectifiers have been proposed for GSM1800, 3G, and 4G-LTE energy harvesting applications. The inverted L-stub is placed on the ground plane of the monopole antenna to get the desired frequency band of GSM1800 MHz. The feed length variation method has been adopted for the slot antennas to obtain the required frequency of 3G and 4G-LTE cellular bands. The performance of antennas is analyzed with the inverted L-stub, feed length variation, and the reflector distance. The maximum gain achieved with the reflector positioned at a distance of λ/4 from the antenna backside is three times greater than the gain obtained without the reflector. The prototype antennas and rectifiers have been simulated, fabricated, measured various parameters, and compared with the simulation results. The antennas provide more than 82% radiation efficiency and an enhanced gain of greater than 5.6 dB. The peak efficiency of rectifiers of more than 30% has been achieved. The aforementioned three antennas are integrated with their corresponding rectifiers for operating at 1.8, 2.1, and 2.3 GHz frequencies. The proposed rectennas are formidably suitable for the reception of RF power from the cellular bands.

Design & simulation of dual-band rectifier for ambient RF energy harvesting

“…Various rectifier designs, such as single frequency [4][5][6][7][8][9], dual-band [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], tri-band [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], quad-band [26][27][28], and broadband [29], are used to create an efficient rectifier.…”

“…In [11,12,13] a dual-band rectifier is designed with a lower dialectic constant substrate material to achieve more efficiency, and the input power for maximum efficiency is greater. In [19,20] a multiband rectifier is proposed but efficiency is reduced. Table 6 also shows that the proposed design achieves more efficiency using simple design & lowcost substrate with the simultaneous dual-frequency operation.…”