Compact Monopole Antenna Backed With Fork-Slotted EBG for Wearable Applications

Sambandam, Padmathilagam; Kanagasabai, Malathi; Ramadoss, Shini; Natarajan, Rajesh; Alsath, M. Gulam Nabi; Shanmuganathan, Shanmathi; Sindhadevi, M.; Palaniswamy, Sandeep Kumar

doi:10.1109/lawp.2019.2955706

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…FCC (Federal Communications Commission) recommends the SAR level below 1.6 W/Kg for 1 g of tissue and 2 W/Kg for 10 g of tissue, respectively. The thickness and dielectric properties of the human body model are depicted in Table 1 22‐24 . A gap of 1 mm using foam is maintained between the human body model and the proposed antenna during the simulation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thickness and dielectric properties of the human body model are depicted in Table 1. [22][23][24] A gap of 1 mm using foam is maintained between the human body model and the proposed antenna during the simulation. The input power is considered as 105 mW 9 T A B L E 6 Measured path loss for different paths of the antenna in on body mode Table 5.…”

Section: Sar Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low profile pattern switchable multiband antenna for on/off body communication

Sambandam

Kanagasabai

Alsath³

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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A low profile, a multifrequency microstrip patch antenna with pattern reconfiguration is reported in this paper. The proposed antenna provides both omnidirectional and directional radiation characteristics suitable for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Pattern switching is achieved using PIN diodes. The antenna is designed to operate at multiple frequencies, viz. 0.915 GHz (Industrial Scientific & Medical band), 2.38 GHz (Medical body area network), 3.5 GHz (Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access), and 5.8 GHz (Wireless Local Area Network/Industrial Scientific & Medical band). The percentage bandwidths obtained are 2.89, 1.68, 2.85, 2.16 at the operating frequencies 0.915, 2.38, 3.5, 5.8 GHz, respectively. The peak gain and total efficiencies obtained for OFF mode are 3.22/4.27/4.65/4.82 dBi, 82/85/87/89%, and in ON mode are 1.12/1.80/2.44/2.68 dBi, 65/67/71/74% at the said operating bands, respectively. The path loss model is evaluated by measuring the transmission link between the antennas on the human body. The LOS path ranges from 30 to 45 dB and the NLOS ranges from 50 to 80 dB ensuring it satisfactory for WBAN application. Then human body loading characteristics are also studied. The SAR analysis is performed and it is found to be less than 1.6 W/Kg.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sar Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Low profile pattern switchable multiband antenna for on/off body communication

Sambandam

Kanagasabai

Alsath³

et al. 2020

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As shown in figure 4, two pairs of master and slave boundary condition are applied in X and Y direction for simulating unit cell of EBG. From results with and without interdigital slit presented simultaneously for comparison, it can be seen clearly that the original stop band is broadened after the insertion of interdigital slit, which can be attributed to the additional capacitance introduced by the interdigital slit resulting in the wide bandstop response [25]. To further illustrate the bandstop characteristic of the slit embedded EBG, the physical model of EBG and corresponding generic 1-D equivalent circuit model are shown in figure 5, which has been divided into three sections from A to C for qualitative analysis conveniently and better understanding the design scheme.…”

Section: Decoupling Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing MIMO Antenna Isolation Characteristic by Manipulating the Propagation of Surface Wave

Yang

Xiao

2020

IEEE Access

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas have been a mainstream technology in fifth generation (5G) communications. However, strong mutual coupling between both adjacent and nonadjacent elements is inevitable, especially among highly integrated devices. In this paper, a slit embedded mushroom electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) is primarily proposed to suppress the propagation of surface wave between antenna elements. Subsequently, complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) are periodically arranged in two sides of the ground to steer the surface wave. By effectively utilizing the unusual electromagnetic property of EBG and CSRR to manipulate the propagation of surface wave, the mutual coupling between antenna elements has immensely alleviated. Finally, an H-shape defected ground structure (DGS) is introduced to reinforce decoupling effect. In order to validate the feasibility of the design principle, a prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. Measured results demonstrate that the decoupling concept in this paper is reasonable and approximately 12 dB reduction of mutual coupling is realized. INDEX TERMS Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), mutual coupling, slit embedded electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG), complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR).

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“…Introducing EBG in antenna design results in low profile, suppression of surface waves, and high gain by acting as a transmission or reflection surface [130]. An EBG structure is developed on a square patch using an arrangement consisting of a cross-shaped slot with a fork-shaped slot in [131]. The proposed monopole antenna has a beveled Y-shaped structure as a radiating element and partial ground integrated with EBG provides wide bandwidth of 3.1-10.6 GHz and peak gain of 6.25 dBi with good radiation characteristics as shown in Figure 20.…”

Section: Metasurface Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic Metamaterials: A New Paradigm of Antenna Design

2021

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The progress of technology in consumer electronics demand an antenna having a compact size, high gain and bandwidth, and multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver to enhance the channel capacity. Over the last decade, numerous techniques are proposed to improve the performance of the antenna. One such technique is the use of metamaterials (MTMs) in antenna design. MTMs are artificial structures to provide unique electromagnetic properties that are not available in natural materials. The unique properties of these materials allow the design of high-performance antennas, filters, and microwave devices which cannot be obtained using traditional antennas. Loading antenna with the one, two, and three-dimensional MTM structures comprised of a periodic subwavelength unit cell exhibits RLC resonant structures and allows to manipulate electromagnetic waves in the antenna system. These structures offer low resonant frequency compared to the antenna resonant frequency resulting in antenna miniaturization and manipulation of electromagnetic waves helps in enhancing the gain and bandwidth, and achieving circular polarization (CP) of an antenna system. Also, metamaterial loading enhances isolation between the antenna elements in the multiple-input-multiple output (MIMO) system by suppressing the surface waves. In this paper, the electromagnetics of MTM with analytical expressions and its application in antenna design are discussed in detail. The MTM-based antennas are classified into MTM loading, MTM inspired antenna, metasurface loading, and composite right/left hand (CRLH) based antennas. The recent development in MTM inspired antenna and its application in antenna miniaturization, enhancing gain and bandwidth, achieving CP and mutual coupling suppression in MIMO antenna systems are discussed to make it useful for further research. INDEX TERMS Circular Polarization (CP), Metamaterial (MTM), gain, bandwidth, high impedance surface (HIS), mutual coupling, antenna miniaturization, composite right/left hand (CRLH).

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Compact Monopole Antenna Backed With Fork-Slotted EBG for Wearable Applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 24 publications

Low profile pattern switchable multiband antenna for on/off body communication

Low profile pattern switchable multiband antenna for on/off body communication

Enhancing MIMO Antenna Isolation Characteristic by Manipulating the Propagation of Surface Wave

Electromagnetic Metamaterials: A New Paradigm of Antenna Design

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