2014
DOI: 10.1109/lpt.2014.2298983
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Compact Photonic Integrated Chip for Tunable Microwave Generation

Abstract: A tunable microwave generation is demonstrated by monolithically integrated photonic chip, which combines a mirror section and two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. The focus ion beam technology was employed to achieve high-quality air/semiconductor slab for the mirror. Two DFB lasers (named slave and master lasers, respectively) can operate in a single fundamental mode when they are individually pumped. A microwave signal with the differential frequency between the two lasers can be obtained through optical … Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(9 citation statements)
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References 22 publications
(19 reference statements)
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“…When the injection ratio and the frequency difference are set in proper values, the FWM can be observed . When the light of the laser is injected into a high-speed photodetector (PD), a microwave signal with a frequency equals to the frequency difference of the two DFB lasers is generated . The frequency of the generated microwave signal is expressed as normalΔ f = c ( 1 λ 1 1 λ 2 ) where c is the speed of light, λ 1 and λ 2 are the emission wavelengths of DFB1 and DFB2, respectively.…”
Section: Laser Chip Design and Principlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…When the injection ratio and the frequency difference are set in proper values, the FWM can be observed . When the light of the laser is injected into a high-speed photodetector (PD), a microwave signal with a frequency equals to the frequency difference of the two DFB lasers is generated . The frequency of the generated microwave signal is expressed as normalΔ f = c ( 1 λ 1 1 λ 2 ) where c is the speed of light, λ 1 and λ 2 are the emission wavelengths of DFB1 and DFB2, respectively.…”
Section: Laser Chip Design and Principlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 When the light of the laser is injected into a high-speed photodetector (PD), a microwave signal with a frequency equals to the frequency difference of the two DFB lasers is generated. 17 The frequency of the generated microwave signal is expressed as…”
Section: ■ Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The gratings of the DFB lasers were manufactured using e-beam lithography. After the epitaxial procedure was completed, the wafer was processed with the standard semiconductor processes of film deposition, dry/wet etching, and metallization that are described in [21]. The wafer was thinned down to 100 μm and polished for backside metal contact deposition (AuGe/Ni/Au) to finishing all the processing steps.…”
Section: Device Fabricationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By adjusting injection currents, the microwave photonic chips can easily realize a wide range of frequency generation via various interactions of photons such as refractive index change or optical heterodyne, etc. [20,21]. The variety of physical properties of photons makes photonic chip very versatile in terms of frequency tuning.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…By simply adjusting the operating conditions of the two lasers, including bias current, coupling strength, and detuning frequency, various dynamical behaviors can be induced, such as mutual injection locking, period-one (P1) dynamics, period-two (P2) dynamics, quasi-periodic dynamics, and chaos. The unique temporal and spectral features found in these dynamical behaviors have been proposed, respectively, to improve performance characteristics of existing technologies, such as enhancing the bandwidth of direct modulation [1][2][3][4][5] and suppressing nonlinear distortion due to direct modulation [6][7][8], or to provide alternatives for novel applications, such as tunable microwave generation [9][10][11][12], chaotic synchronization [13][14][15][16], reservoir computing [17][18][19], and decision making [20]. For these technological applications, the bias currents of the two lasers are, in general, adjusted independently and differently so that specific characteristics or functionalities are achieved.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%