Compact air-cooling all-solid-state lasers are important in laser distance measurement, laser remote sensing detection, and scientific research. A compact 808nm LD-pumped Nd:YVO 4 laser with a compact air-cooling heat dissipation structure is designed, and the temperature field under high and low temperature operating conditions is simulated. The results indicate that the proposed structure is capable of meeting the heat dissipation requirements during the operation of the laser within an ambient temperature range of -10℃ to 40℃. The temperatures of the Nd:YVO 4 crystal and the pump source are maintained at 20℃-25℃, ensuring stable operation.