Compact, Slotted, Printed Antennas for Dual-Band Communication in Future Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

Inverted-F antennas (IFAs) are a primary choice to implement the radiating system of portable devices. A tried and tested idea can remain topical if proven useful in modern applications. This paper shows that printed IFAs (PIFAs) are capable of forming robust, compact, dual-band radiating systems for wireless microsensors with an adjustable spacing between bands. Reactive tuning was applied by inductively loading the structures with prefractal slots; inductive slot loading degenerates higher-order resonances and increases the fractional bandwidth (FBW). The current distributions revealed that most of the element area is used for radiation at both resonances. In radiation terms, the antennas provide satisfactory gains and high efficiencies (≥82%). A simple figure of merit is used to compare the performance of the three PIFAs head to head. Operation at 2.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz indicated that changes in slot geometry almost double the FBW. The proposed antennas serve both the 5.15–5.35 GHz U-NII and the 5.8 GHz ISM bands; at the lower band, their size is less or equal to the half-wavelength dipole. This study of dual-band antennas also showed that the aggregate FBW of a PIFA is bounded; by degenerating higher-order modes, the designer redistributes whatever bandwidth is available by the antenna itself to the desired bands.

Robust, electrically small, circular inverted‐F antenna for energy‐efficient wireless microsensors

“…WSN-related antennas need to approach the fundamental performance limits [3][4][5][6][7][8], otherwise the cubic-millimetre 'Smart Dust' node [1,2] will remain a vision. Recently, the WSN antenna discipline has gathered momentum [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Theory predicts that small antenna design should opt for maximum occupation of the hypothetical minimum sphere that circumscribes the 'radiating' parts [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”